F1知识点：平等机会（Equal Opportunities）

　　F1知识点：平等机会（Equal Opportunities）

　　机会平等又称机会均等，是一种理想状态。指的是人们在同样的考试或者面试中具有相同的资格而不会因为外在的客观因素而导致机会的缺失。

　　平等的机会是一个普遍使用和理解的术语，它描述了一个组织中的每个人都应该有一个平等的机会去申请和选择职位，培训或晋升。雇主只能在能力、经验或潜力的基础上进行区分和选择。所有的决定都是基于个人的能力，不应考虑一个人的性别、年龄、种族来源、残疾或婚姻状况。

　　Equal employment opportunities exist when there is no unfair discrimination （against gender, colour, ethnic origin, disability, orientation, religion and age） in relation to：

　　．access to jobs；

　　．employment terms and conditions；

　　．promotion prospects；

　　．training opportunities；

　　．remuneration； or

　　．termination of employment.

　　Employers should only take into account ability, experience and potential when deciding who the best person is for a position, unless it is obvious that a particular individual is required for the position （e.g. a female nurse dealing with female patients）。

　　In some cases, managers can be confused between the ideas and requirements of equal opportunities and the more up-to-date idea of managing diversity. In many ways laying down policies and procedures to ensure that discrimination is eliminated from the workplace is admirable, desirable and indeed good for business.

　　The new generation of managers regard the quality of their employees as the distinguishing feature of a successful organisation. People are the single sustainable source of competitive advantage - high performance through the development of people is essential if organisations are to remain viable and competitive.

　　The promotion of equal opportunities makes good business sense. Equal opportunities are promoted as a key component of good management as well as being a legal requirement. It is also socially desirable and morally right.

　　Managing diversity on the other hand expands the horizons beyond equality issues and builds on recognised approaches to equal opportunities. It adds new impetus to the development of equal opportunities and creates an environment in which enhanced contributions from all employees works to the advantage of the business, employees themselves and society generally.

　　It offers an opportunity for organisations to develop a workforce to meet business goals and to improve approaches to customer care. Managing diversity is about having the right person for the job regardless of sex, race or religion.

　　Essentially the management of diversity is a quality assurance approach. It helps identify hidden organisational barriers, which make it more difficult for people who are perceived as being different from the majority of their colleagues to succeed and develop careers.

　　It also helps to effect cultural change and to create an environment in which people from all backgrounds can work together harmoniously. The management of diversity combats prejudice, stereotyping, harassment and undignified behaviour.