2007年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷

英　语（卫生类A级）

　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1.The news will horrify everyone.

　　A.attract　B.terrify　C.tempt　D.excite

　　2.The article sketched  the major events of the decade.

　　A.described　B.offered　C.outlined　D.presented

　　3.I won't  tolerate  that kind  of behavior.

　　A.bear　B.accept　C.admit　D.take

　　4.Their style of playing football is  utterly  different.

　　A.barely　B.scarcely　C.hardly　D.totally

　　5.Her sister  urged  her to apply for the job.

　　A.advised　B.caused　C.forced　D.promised

　　6.Even sensible men do absurd  things.

　　A.unusual　B.ridiculous　C.special　D.typical

　　7.She  bumped  inot her boyfriend in town this morning.

　　A.walked　B.came　C.fled　D.ran

　　8.This sort of thing is bound  to happen.

　　A.sure　B.quick　C.fast　D.swift

　　9.At the age of 30,Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.

　　A.boss　B.manager　C.star　D.dictator

　　10.He cannot discriminate  between a good idea and a bad one.

　　A.judge　B.assess　C.distinguish　D.recognize

　　11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians who dwell  in it.

　　A.live　B.sleep　C.hide　D.gather

　　12.The index is the government's chief gauge  of future economic activity.

　　A.method　B.measure　C.way　D.manner

　　13.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey  high.

　　A.old-fashioned　B.traditional　C.conventional　D.balanced

　　14.The food is inadequate  for ten people.

　　A.demanded　B.qualified　C.insufficient　D.required

　　15.She persevered  in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.

　　A.persisted　B.insisted　C.resisted　D.suggested

　　第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）
　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

The Spanish Flu Epidemic

　　If you're worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic,you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past.Starting its rounds at the end of World War I,the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.

　　Popularly known as the Spanish Flu,this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally,influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease,such as newborns,the old or the sick.However,the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy.Often it would disable its victims in hours;within a day,they would be dead,typically from extreme cases of pneumonia（肺炎）.

　　The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly.It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world.Then suddenly,after two years ravaging（蹂躏）the Earth,it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.

　　Despite its nickname,the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain.Its true origins are unknown.Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war;others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918.Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease,with a global mortality rate（死亡率）estimated at 2.5% of the population.

　　Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease.It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines.It hit Northern America,Europe,Asia,Africa and the South Pacific.The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu,as well as the trench warfare.Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch.The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare.

　　Luckily,the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920.It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

　　16.The Spanish Flu started during World War I.

　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

　　17.The Spanish Flu posed a greater threat to the old and the sick.

　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

　　18.As the Spanish Flu was spreading,people in Australia were worried.

　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

　　19.The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out.

　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

　　20.The Spanish Flu was named after the place where it started.

　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

　　21.About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu.

　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

　　22.Biological warfare originated in the 20th century.

　　A.Right　　B.Wrong　　C.Not mentioned

　　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Facts about Stroke

　　1Every 45 seconds,someone in America has a stroke.Every 3.1 minutes,someone dies of one.Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation's third leading cause of death,ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer.Stroke is a leading cause of serious,long-term disability in the United States.

　　2Stroke is a type of cardiovascular（心血管的）disease.It affects the arteries（动脉）leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients（营养物）to the brain is either blocked by a clot（凝块）or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood（and oxygen）it needs,so it starts to die.

　　3The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions.If a stroke occurs and blood flow can't reach the region that controls a particular body function,that part of the body won't work as it should.If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain,for instance,it's likely that some disability involving vision will result.The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction（阻塞）and the extent of brain tissue affected.

　　4The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.The more risk factors a person has,the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke.Some of these you can't control,such as increasing age,family health history,race,and prior stroke.But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider's help.Some of these include:high blood pressure,current smoking,heart disease,and high red blood cell count.

　　5A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year.For many years,there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However,recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work,the person must get to a hospital immediately.

　　23.Paragraph 2　　　　　.
　　24.Paragraph 3　　　　　.
　　25.Paragraph 4　　　　　.
　　26.Paragraph 5　　　　　.
　　A　Effects of a stroke
　　B　Annual cost of stroke in the US
　　C　Definition and description of a stroke
　　D　Breakthroughs in treatment
　　E　Risk factors of stroke
　　F　Warning signs of a stroke

　　27.When a stroke occurs,the arteries leading to and within the brain.
　　28.A person's vision is likely to be affected if a stroke.
　　29.Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they.
　　30.New treatments are now available to people who.
　　A　suffer from a stroke
　　B　will be affected
　　C　change their lifestyles
　　D　will take place
　　E　occurs at the back of his/her brain
　　F　controls various body functions

　　第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇

Trying to Find a Parther

　　One of the most striking findings of a recent poll  in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.

　　Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves?

　　It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn't expect his spouse to be  in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.

　　But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means  that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.

　　In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate （心上人） was constrained by geography,social convention and family  tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially  arranged.

　　Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon  in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster （牡蛎）,you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.

　　But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.

　　The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.

　　We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn't,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.

　　31.What does the recent poll show?
　　A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.
　　B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a familyl.
　　C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.
　　D.It is  getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.

　　32.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple?
　　A.The wife doesn't have to raise the children all by herself.
　　B.The husband doesn't have to support the family all by himself.
　　C.The wife is no longer the only person to manage the household.
　　D.They will receive a large sum of money from the govemment.

　　33.Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one's choice of soulmate in the old days?
　　A.The health condition of his or her grandmother.
　　B.The geographical environment.
　　C.The social convention.
　　D.The family tradition.

　　34.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage?
　　A.Good looks.
　　B.An impressive career.
　　C.A high salary.
　　D.A fine sense  of humor.

　　35.The word"sustain"（paragraph 2）could be best replaced by
　　A."reduce".
　　B."shake".
　　C."maintain".
　　D."weaken".

　　第二篇

Chronic Diseases:The World's Leading Killer

　　Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.

　　The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.

　　The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.

　　The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.

　　Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last ween in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.

　　The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.

　　Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.

　　Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.

　　UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.

　　36.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015?
　　A.More than 17 million.
　　B.More than 380 million.
　　C.More than 304 million.
　　D.More than 25 million.

　　37.Due to chronic diseases China will have to face
　　A.great pressure from other countries.
　　B.a limited economic market.
　　C.a shortage of the labor force.
　　D.huge economic losses.

　　38.Which can NOT be learned from the passage?
　　A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.
　　B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.
　　C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.
　　D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.

　　39.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have been
　　A.economic gains.
　　B.lost productivity.
　　C.chronic diseases.
　　D.infectious and parasitic diseases.

　　40.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths?
　　A.Timely medical treatment.
　　B.Healthy eating.
　　C.More physical activity.
　　D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.

　　第三篇

Joyce Sipes and Mary Ellen Dodge

　　When Joyce Sipes was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1999,she shared the news immediately with her sister Mary Ellen Dodge.Mary Ellen was there for her-helping her through the terror,and the fear,and the thousand questions that are inevitably a part of hearing the word"cancer".

　　Fortunately,a friend at work who had had a similar diagnosis highly recommended Alonzo Walker,MD,Medical College of Wisconsin surgical oncologist（外科肿瘤学家）and director of the Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Program.Joyce made an appointment.At an initial consultation,Dr.Walker spent two hours with Joyce and her husband.Joyce was so reassured;she cancelled her appointment to get a second opinion elsewhere.

　　Ultimately,Joyce's cancer required a mastectomy（乳房切除术）.Reconstructive surgery took place right away.She came to think of Dr.Walker as her partner,"not just my doctor."And the Froedtert nurses,she says,were"very unusual and impressive."

　　As it turned out,Joyce would soon have the chance to do something important for her sister Mary Ellen.During her own cancer treatment,Joyce suggested that Mary Ellen should get herself checked through the Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Program.In addition to its opportunities for examination and screening,the hospital had established a program especially for women in families at high risk for cancer.Sure enough,it turned our that Mary Ellen had some cysts（囊肿）,one of which was dangerous enough that it needed to be surgically removed.She's fine now-thanks to Joyce's suggestion.

　　Both sisters experienced firsthand how Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin offers more than leading-edge technology and the unmatched experience of physicians in an academic medical center.It offers a comrehensive team approach-of consultation,collaboration,and care-all focused on the individual patient.That's why Joyce came to think of Froedtert,throughout the process of her treatment,as being her "security blanket".

　　Joyce Sipes has been cancer-free five years now-an important milestone（里程碑）for breast cancer survivors.Joyce and Mary Ellen are together once again in their workshop in Joyce's home,making the beautiful market baskets,bread baskets,muffin（松饼）baskets,and Nantucket baskets that they-and their customers-love.

　　41.What did Mary Ellen do for her cancer-stricken sister?
　　A.She recommended Dr.Walket.
　　B.She kept her from being disturbed.
　　C.She asked her a lot of questions.
　　D.She comforted her as much as she could.

　　42.After talking with Dr.Walker,Joyce decided
　　A.to get a second opinion elsewhere.
　　B.not to see any other doctors.
　　C.to give up treatment.
　　D.not to trust him.

　　43.Thanks to Joyce's suggestion,Mary Ellen got
　　A.an opportunity to work as a nurse.
　　B.the same surgical procedure as her sister.
　　C.a timely check and treatment for breast cancer.
　　D.a chance to work for the Breast Cancer Program.

　　44.Which is NOT true of Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin?
　　A.It does not care much about the individual patient.
　　B.It offers more than leading-edge technology.
　　C.Its physicians have unique experience.
　　D.It adopts a comprehensive team approach.

　　45.It can be seen from the last paragraph that the two sisters
　　A.are leading a sad and lonely life.
　　B.are still at high risk of breast cancer.
　　C.are leaming to make various kinds of baskets.
　　D.very much enjoy their present life and work.

　　第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

American Dreams

　　There is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a land of extremes where the best of things qre just as easily found as the worst.This is a cliche（陈词滥调）.

　　In the land of black and white,people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world.But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.（46） No class system or govemment stands in the way.

　　Sadly,this old argument is no longer true.Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.

　　The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.（47）

　　Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent.For the top 1 per cent,however,it has gone up 200 per cent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.（48）

　　Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California,incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969.（49） This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 per cent of the population,it is the highest percentage in the developed world.

　　Yet the tax burden on America's rich is falling,not growing.（50） There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.

　　ANobody is poor in the US.

　　BThe top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.

　　CFor upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.

　　DNow it is 9.8 times.

　　EAs it does so,the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.

　　FAll one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards  the top.

　　第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

World Heart Day

　　Sunday was World Heart Day.The World Heart Federation and its member groups in more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations.The World Health Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the（51）.

　　World Heart Day was first observed six years（52）.Organizers proposed the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease.The World Heart Federation says heart（53）kills seventeen million people each year.

　　The group urges people to be active and have a good,healthy diet.It also warns（54）activities known to increase a person's risk of heart attack or stroke.

　　Some of the warnings are directed at children.The World Heart Federation says about twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese-severely overweight.

　　Children are normally energetic and active.（55）,two thirds of all children are not active enough.Such children greatly（56）their risk of becoming obese.They also increase their（57）of developing heart disease or other disorders.

　　One message of World Heart Day is to eat right.Children（58）eat a healthy and balanced diet.Also,limit sugary drinks,sweets and eating between meals.

　　The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children（59）.It says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and （60）a child healthy.Obese children often become obese adults.（61）you believe your child is too heavy,talk with a health care provider.

　　The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young people.It says the younger someone begins to smoke,the （62）the chance of a health problem tied to smoking.Half of the young people who continue to smoke are （63）to die later in life from a smoking-related disease.

　　The group says almost half of all children live with a smoker.It says children who live with a （64）can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two thousand cigarettes.And that is by the time they are five years old.

　　The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be（65）by tobacco companies.And it says parents who smoke should try to stop.

　　51.A.group　B.event　C.organization　D.agency
　　52.A.earlier　B.before　C.ago　D.past
　　53.A.accident　B.health　C.disease　D.beating
　　54.A.against　B.toward　C.upon　D.onto
　　55.A.Therefore　B.However　C.Hence　D.But
　　56.A.manage　B.lower　C.meet　D.increase
　　57.A.mood　B.desire　C.age　D.risk
　　58.A.may　B.might　C.should　D.will
　　59.A.young　B.happy　C.early　D.active
　　60.A.maintains　B.protects　C.keeps　D.helps
　　61.A.If　B.Although　C.After　D.Because
　　62.A.greater　B.harder　C.slimmer　D.lesser
　　63.A.supposed　B.possible　C.likely　D.lucky
　　64.A.patien　tB.relative　C.parent　D.smoker
　　65.A.influenced　B.bought　C.employed　D.troubled