Y

　　养老基金 pension fund

　　一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation

　　一级市场 primary market

　　应收未收利息 overdue interest

　　银行网点 banking outlets

　　赢利能力 profitability

　　营业税 business tax

　　硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans

　　用地审批 to grant land use right

　　有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate

　　证券投资 portfolio investment

　　游资（热钱） hot money

　　有市场的产品 marketable products

　　有效供给 effective supply

　　诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion

　　逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans

　　与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted

　　与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market

　　预算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue）

　　预调 pre-emptive adjustment

　　月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis

　　Z

　　再贷款 central bank lending

　　在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions

　　在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank

　　在途资金 fund in float

　　增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture

　　增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum

　　增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures

　　增长平稳 steady growth

　　增值税 value-added tax（VAT）

　　涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth

　　账外账 concealed accounts

　　折旧 depreciation

　　整顿 retrenchment;consolidation

　　政策工具 policy instrument

　　政策性业务 policy-related operations

　　政策性银行 policy banks

　　政策组合 policy mix

　　政府干预 government intervention

　　证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions

　　证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase

　　支付困难 payment difficulty

　　支付能力 payment capacity

　　直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments

　　间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions

　　职业道德 professional ethics

　　指令性措施 mandatory measures

　　指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan

　　制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy

　　滞后影响 lagged effect

　　中介机构 intermediaries

　　中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities

　　分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project

　　周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle

　　周转速度 velocity

　　主办银行 main bank

　　主权风险 sovereign risk

　　注册资本 registered capital

　　逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation

　　逐步取消 to phase out

　　抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）

　　专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked

　　转贷 on-lending

　　转轨经济 transition economy

　　转机 turnaround

　　转折关头 turning point

　　准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit

　　准货币 quasi-money

　　资本不足 under-capitalized

　　资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio

　　资本利润率 return on capital

　　资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility

　　资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency

　　资产负债表 balance sheet

　　资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets

　　资产集中 asset concentration

　　资产贡献率 asset contribution factor

　　资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）

　　资产质量 asset quality

　　资产组合 asset portfolio

　　资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost

　　资金到位 fully funded （project）

　　资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds

　　资金利用率 fund utilization rate

　　资金缺口 financing gap

　　资金体外循环 financial disintermediation

　　资金占压 funds tied up

　　自筹投资项目 self-financed projects

　　自有资金 equity fund

　　综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）

　　综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator

　　综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul

　　总成交额 total contract value

　　总交易量 total amount of transactions

　　总成本 total cost

　　最后贷款人 lender of last resort