ࡱ> uwpqrst#` Rrbjbjmm2H  ^^^84ʴ| #ZZRRhhh U U U U U U U$}\h^F0U 7770Uhh4Y7 7lh h U7 U>GV , LhF 0X^C RL*vNY0#Z|L*+_!@_TL+_Lw_$ L60U0Ua^#Z7777 $  2008t^Lyt]{|YePgeXRQ[ ,{NR $Re $N{ ,{N{ Moderate Earthquake Strikes England A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County2. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries. "It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride3," said the woman. The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5, about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7. Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. "I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me," said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of London. "I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier9. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down." There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4. 8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10. The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France12. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13 before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too mush by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum. ͋Gl moderate adj. -NI{v magnitude n.

PP P rouse v. $U tremor n. R hop v. Pw fun-fair n. lQqQ2)Y8nPN:W scale n. ~ Forthcoming adj. sS\eg4Nv evacuate v. uce geological adj. 0W(v lʑ: power5uR Kent Countyyr[MONmcNNv;SuSVNS_0Wv;Suv^]\O0ُNQ[we-N~b N0R EeT{Hh:N C0 5. BS@bvVg:_pv0WN1580 t^Su(W&Ofe ُNwehvN[ N&{0we,{Nk,{NSf}ve0W Vg:_pv0WN1931t^Su(WSwm0ShvOo`/fv EeT{Hh:N B0 6. AS Musson (WyN N_ Dolphin n.wmZ bottle-nose dolphin [;TwmZ sperm whale ]4Y click n. TTX UVX estuary n. lS _lS vocalisation n. SX shed n. \K\ h digitalise v. OpeW[S whistle n. xUX forage v. d[ߘir prey n. UcߘvRir gunshot n. \QX groan n. {TT So` pulse n. Q stun v. Qf lʑ: 1. The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF): QwmZNΑuuirWёO0 the Shannon RiverQl[ MON1r\pQqQTVv-N] cow shed: [rh those cNMRJSSv whistles0 Ronan Hickey& separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories Ronan Hickey \xUXRR:N6'Y{|32y most = most categories both sets of dolphins /fc the Irish dolphins T the Welsh dolphins0 References in local legend:S_0W O-Nv gsQl they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th centurywmZSe(WlQCQ 6 N~1\(WQllSA~Muo` resident /fb_[͋ a`/f  E\OOv 0 ~`N 1. The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins. . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3. Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned . T{HhN 1. C,g@bva`/f[;TwmZN]4Yۏߘ`N` N'Yv_^ ُNpNyf[[_atQ0ShvQ[we-N~b N0R EeT{Hh:NC0 2. BSva`/f Ronan Hickey RgN1r\pQwmZSQvя2000y N Tve0ُS݋Nwe-NSva` N&{0,{ Nk,{NS Ronan Hickey RgN1r\pQwmZTZ\XwmZ( NNN/f1r\pQwmZ)SQvя2000y N TvxUX( N/fe)0@bN ,g y B/fT{Hh0 3. AShva`N,{ Nk,{NS@bvQ[v&{032 yxUX-N g 8 y/f1r\pQwmZr gv0@bNT{Hh/f A0 4. Awe,{Vk,{NSyf[[ck(Wl\xUXNwmZvL:Nyr'`T|weg vQ-N_NSbbt^wmZN\wmZKNvT~ُNL:N0Sva`NSSva`v&{ @bNT{Hh/f A0 5. C,g@bva`/f|SQkwmZf:_pvXlS@g{ksir0ShvQ[we-N~b N0R EeT{Hh:N C0 6. Bwe,{Nkv/f e(WlQCQ6N~wmZ1\(WQ llSA~Muo` l ge(WlQCQ6N~nl_Y(WQ llS{QkwmZ0Sva`Nezva` N&{ @bNT{Hh/f B0 7. AShva`NgTNkva`v&{0Se'Y~kt^ g 25000 T8n[N z0RdkXNPWS_0Wv\9‰ wwmZ.0@bNT{Hh/fA0 ,{ NR ib'YaN[bSP[ $N{ ,{V{ Compact Disks 10If someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers - a digital code1. The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide 20A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music. 30Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes. 40There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc - Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs. 50CDs were first sold to the public in 1982. These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them. 60Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs. ͋Gl 00bump n. WW w 00floppy disk ox v 00spiral adj. eb_v 00format n. e:g 003. as you would do with a floppy disk1\a`OO(uoxvN7h 004. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc - Read Only MemoryCD-ROM /f Compact Disc - Read Only Memory ُN*N͋W[kv~bv)Q͋0 005. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is inventedǏ NNQt^ N[SOSfNyhQevb/g& 0many more years /f "QǏYt^". 006. "there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs" l NSNt:N "there is no doubt about the fact that you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs". ~`N 1. Paragraphs 1 & 2 000000 2. Paragraph 3 000000 3. Paragraph 4 000000 4. Paragraph 5 000000 0000A Digital code has wide applications. 0000B Floppy disks are outdated. 0000C CDs are durable. 0000D CD's working principle is explained. 0000E CD-RWs play better than CD-ROMs. 0000F CDs are of many formats. 005. One advantage of CD-RWs is that they can __________ like floppy disks. 006. The author predicts it will not __________ before a new technology is invented for music recording. 007. The laser beam-emitting device and the receiver are considered to __________ of a CD player. 008. Space probes could not __________ without using digital codes. 0000A shine on bumps 0000B take many more years 0000C be the key parts 0000D restore the original code 0000E be written on and rewritten on 0000F keep contact with their ground station efficiently T{HhN 001. D0,{N0NkN~N CD v]\OSt0XNpexvb__;RU_0RCDxGr N0V,TX 1\_(u CD >e:g CD :g(uoIQgq\ CD c6ehV6eTRgN CD S\VegvoIQl ؏S:NSegvpex Qlbc:NSegvX0@bN D /fT{Hh0 002. A0,{ Nk,{NS{"Digital codes are used with many technologies." /f;NS0 ,gkvQ[SP[cOO sS^(uW0\OO>NN5*NW5u0*)Y0agx0Kb:gT)Ylb0 y A v"Digital code has wide applications"N;NSva`[hQ;TT @bN/fT{Hh0 003. F0,{Vk,{NS "There are many types of compact disks"} /f;NS0,gkvQ[SP[R>NN$Ny8^(uv CD e'Y0R}lfSR:gv:\[0scale& up to /f "b& & ckO>e'Y0R& & ". 007. acrossNNz0RSNz ~`N 001. Paragraph 2 000000 002. Paragraph 4 000000 003. Paragraph 5 000000 004. Paragraph 6 000000 0000A0An introduction of a Toyota's 225 horsepower V6 engine. 0000B0A description of the nanomotor in terms of power and size. 0000C0Surface tension. 0000D0Previous inventions of nanoscale products. 0000E0The working principle of the nanomotor. 0000F0Possible fields of application in the future. 005. Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to __________ . 006. Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to __________ . 007. Nanoconveyors could be used.to __________ . 008. Applying a small electric current causes atoms to __________ . 0000A0remove disease 0000B0resist separating 0000C0shuffle between two molten metal droplets 0000D0power nanomachines 0000E0sop up molecules from the large droplet 0000F0transport nanoscale objects T{HhN 001. E ,{NkN~N~s|SR:gv]\OSt0$N\nё^\qm N_1_5uAm 'Yv\nvSP[1\Oba8Q ReQ\v\n TSOy NeX'Y 0RN[6k 1\ONMRxd ُe 'Yv\nO:YV[1YSvSP[ ُ1\/fN!k power stroke RRL z RRQ z dke1\ONuSR:gvRR0SP[YdkegegSSЏR 1\aSR:g;m^XN7h0ُ1\/f~s|SR:gv]\OSt0@bN E /fT{Hh0 002. B ,{VkcN~s|SR:gvRs 20_t TSOy 200~s| 0 y B (u "A description of the nanomotor in terms of power and size"ib,gk'Ya _Qnx @bN B /fT{Hh0 003. D ,{NkN~NSf~s|SR:gKNMRvNN~s|I{~v:ghNT YSOy'YNNv~s|SR:g _WSR:g ~s| O&^ ~s|:ghVI{0 y D ibN,gkv'Ya @bN/fT{Hh0 004. F ,{mQk`N~s|SR:gv(u Y(uNIQ5uN9eSIQveT redirect light TqR~s|:ghVۏeQNSO mmpuvp0 y F /fT{Hh V:N "Possible fields of application in the future" ibN,gkv'Ya0 005. A T{Hh/f A.r^Qs doctors envision yvQ[^N;Sf[ gsQ y A /f remove disease, ck}YNr^vQ[vM /fT{Hh0we,{NkTgTNk_Nc0R~s|SR:gۏeQNSOmmpuvpvS'` fN A /fcknxv0 006. B BvOnc/f,{ Nk,{NS "surface tension -- the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating -- becomes more important at small scales". 007. F r^v nanoconveyor c:ybN ~s| O&^vR6q/f O~s|I{~virSO @bN F /fT{Hh0 008. C0r^v Applying a small electric current& (W,{Nk~b0R 勵kv/f~s|SR:gv]\OSt0YgN㉟SP[(W$N\nё^\qm-NegVЏR NuRR 1\OwS C /fT{Hh0 ,{VR t kQ{ 1. Electric Backpack (C~) fbc2007t^(ufNt]{|t,{N{Will Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software? Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP31 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia2 and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole3, Mass. 4, have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)5 receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work.. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science6. The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the packs oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! ͋Gl 00backpack n.̀S 00watt n. tyr 00receiver n. c6e:g 00gait n. ek` ekl 00night-vision goggle YƉ\ 00oscillation n. FdR 00spring n. 9_'| 00commercialize v. FUNS 00vertical adj. Wvv 00mountaineer n. {vq\ЏRXT 00rotary adj. elv lʑ MP3 Internet NgAmLvPNfWz4xvxvzeTbJT0 ~`N 1. Backpacks are convenient because A) they can be very large B) they can hold as many things as you want to carry. C) your hands are freed to do other things. D) you do not have to carry things with you. 2. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues? A) It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks. B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies. C) It is small and convenient. D) It is light and easy to carry. 3. The word springs in Paragraph 3 means A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth. B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer. C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do? A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer. B) To put the backpack on the market. C) To test the advantage of the backpack. D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television. 5. What is implied in if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic. B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack. D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack. T{HhN 1. C ,{NkJTɋbN V:ǸSSNňYN @bNSN\SKb>eQegZPvQ[N`to free your hands to do other things. 2. A ,{Nkv,{NS Lawrence C. Rome SvQ TNNSfvُỳS S_̀@ẁSpe O g5uNu勵kgTNSJTɋbN ̀Svُy'`SQ\̀Sv͑ϑ V:N N_:d&^Y(u5u`l0 3 D  springs (Wdk/f9_'|va`0spring/fN*NYIN͋l4lA 0%f)YB 09_C 0 4 B ,{VkgTNSva`/fRomeR\ُỳSFUNS sS cT^:W0A0C0D(We-NGW*gc0R0Dva`/f:ǸSZP^JT0 5 B ُ*NSP[vW[ba`/fYg`O~N_0Rُ7hv̀S ǏleN[$Nb w w0_N1\/f NV:N Tes@w8nb0,T@wPN0 w@w5uƉ *YNlN Nlaeg_fN0 2. Flying the Hyper1 Skies (C~) fbc2007t^(ufNt]{|t,{mQ{Live with Computer A little airplane has given new meaning to the term going hyper. The Hyper-X2 recently broke the record for air-breathing jet planes when it traveled at a hypersonic speed of seven times the speed of sound. Thats about 5,000 miles per hour. At this speed, youd get around the world flying along the equator in less than 5 hours. The hyper-X is an unmanned, experimental aircraft just 12 feet long. It achieves hypersonic speed using a special sort of engine known as a scramjet3. It may sound like something from a comic book, but engineers have been experimenting with scramjets since the 1960s. For an engine to burn fuel and produce energy, it needs oxygen. A jet engine, like those on passenger airplanes, gets oxygen from the air. A rocket engine typically goes faster but has to carry its own supply of oxygen. A scramjet engine goes as fast as a rocket, but it doesnt have to carry its own oxygen supply. A scramjets special design allows it to obtain oxygen from the air that flows through the engine. And it does so without letting the fast-moving air put out the combustion flames. However, a scramjet engine works properly only at speeds greater than five times the speed of sound. A booster rocket carried the Hyper-X to an altitude of about 100,000 feet for its test flight. The aircrafts record-beating flight lasted just 11 seconds. Although the little planes self-powered flight lasted only 11 seconds, that brief journey on March 27 makes a major milestone on the way to a new breed of very fast airplanes, comments Werner J. A. Dahm of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor4. In the future, engineers predict, airplanes equipped with scramjet engines could transport cargo quickly and cheaply to the brink of space. Such hypersonic jets could potentially carry passengers anywhere in the world in just a few hours. Out of the three experimental Hyper-X aircrafts built for NASA5, only one is now left. The agency has plans for another 11-second hypersonic flight, this time at 10 times the speed of the sound. ͋Gl 00hypersonic adj. v 00booster n. RchV 00equator n. dS 00milestone n. ̑ zx 00unmanned adj. eNv 00booster rocketRckp{ 00scramjet n. qpQS_, UlSR:g 00cargo n. 'ir 00combustion n. qp brink n.  lʑ Hyper: g͋͋ } a`/f g^vOYhypersonic () hyper text e,g hyperactiveg^;mÍ 0 2. Hyper-XVV[*zzT[[*L@\ۏLNYt^vޘ:gxvzyvHyper X Program -NvNg[ޘ:g0 3. scramjet͋1u N*N͋ })eu bs(upersonic) c(ombustionqp) T ramjet (Ul_d) sS NyUl_ޘ:gSR:g (uNgޘL qe(Wޘ:gNuvglAm-Nqp0 Ann ArborV[Gk9h] HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" \o "Michigan" Michigan vN*NW^ NSv?e^@b(W0W V[Gk9h'Yf[ T0 NASA/fNational Aeronautics and Space Administrationv)Q, -Neы T/f(V) V[*zzT[[*L@\0 ~`N 1. The Hyper X broke the record because A) It was the first air-breathing jet plane. B) It flew along the equator. C) It flew at speeds smaller than five times the speed of sound. D) It traveled at a supersonic speed. 2. What kind of an engine did the Hyper X use? A) A jet engine that gets oxygen from the air. B) A scramjet engine that doesnt carry its own oxygen supply. C) A rocket engine that carries its own supply of oxygen. D) A jet engine that uses no oxygen. 3. What is NOT true about the scramjet engine? A) It goes slower than a rocket. B) It extracts oxygen from the air that flows through the engine. C) It works only at speeds greater than five times the speed of sound. D) It doesnt carry its own oxygen supply. 4. What did Werner J. A. Dahm of the University of Michigan say about the Hyper X test flight? A) It indicated the birth of a very fast airplane. B) It was self-powered, so it lasted only 11 seconds. C) It can transport cargo quickly and cheaply to the brink of space D) It is a major milestone in the journey of making a new type of very fast airplanes 5. What has NASA planned to do? A) To make another 11-second hypersonic flight at 10 times the speed of the sound. B) To make three more Hyper X experiments. C) To retest the aircraft that is left. D) To make the aircraft fly higher and longer. T{HhN 1. C Hyper XKN@bNSb4xU_/fV:N[vޘL^/fv7 P0[ N/f,{NgzzlUl_ޘ:g _N N/f,{Ngޘ:g @bNATD N[0Hyper XvՋޘv^*g~dSޘL @bNB_N/fv b0 2. B ,{VkN NySR:gv'llegnUl_SR:g/fNzzl-NrlS'll kp{SR:g_{:d'll QSUlSR:gR N_:d'll ُck/fHyper XO(uvSR:gňn0 3. A 9hnc,{NkQ[ B0C0D/fcknxvl0,{VkgTNSJTɋbN Avl/f Ncknxv0 4. D ezv,{mQk-N [Gk9h'Yf[vxvzNXTWerner J. A. Dahm Hyper XvՋޘbRS/fx6RNye__ޘ:gǏ z-NvN*N̑ zx a major milestone on the way to a new breed of very fast airplanes N/feWޘ:gvދu0@bN D/fcknx b A/f b0B_N N/fWerner J. A. Dahm`hva` C/fvQ[] z^ N/fWerner J. A. Dahmv݋0 5. A T{HhS(WgTNk~b0R0 . 8.. Explorer of the Extreme Deep (C~) fbc2007t^(ufNt]{|t,{NAS{Hacking Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole1 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin2 which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). Its about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. We take so much for granted on land, Fornari says. We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements. Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. Itll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, itll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. Itll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour. (361 words) ͋Gl 00fraction n. NR dive v. & n. \o4l4l 00underwater adj. 4l Nvadv. (W4l N 00bound adj. S~_gv N[v 00manned adj. }Nv 00sphere n. tSOV 00undersea adj. wm^v 00maneuverable adj. :gRv SRv 00submersible n. \oG\o4lhV 00overlap v. & n. ͑S 00upgrade n. GS~ 00ascend v. NGS 00geologist n. 0W(f[[ lʑ Woods HoleVl(^X]vN*NnQg FO Teb gY͑xvz:gg Y the  HYPERLINK "http://www.mbl.edu/" \t "_blank" Marine Biological Laboratory, the  HYPERLINK "http://www.sea.edu/" \t "_blank" Sea Education Association NS the  HYPERLINK "http://www.whoi.edu/" \t "_blank" Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution0 Alvin: NLu N,{N*Nmwm\o4lhV [g g TvmwmcKmSb1986t^[lfW<\KQSkvKmϑ]\O0 ~`N What is Alvin? A) A research institute. B) A transporting vehicle. C) A submersible. D) A scientist. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? A) It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters. B) It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions C) It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century. D) It has been used for more than 40 years. 3. a world that is still full of mysteries refers to A) The earth. B) Out space. C) The ocean. D) Mars. 4. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar? A) Size. B) Speed. C) Capacity. D) Shape. 5. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? A) Offering better views. B) Speed. C) Size. D) Both A and B. T{HhN 1. C we,{Nkv,{N0,{ NScONT{Hh0 2. A ez,{Nkv,{NS yf[[ck(Wx6RNXS\xvzNXT&^0R6,500s|mYv\o4lňn [\fN Alvin V:N Alvin S\o0R4,500s|mY0A N/fN[ @bN/fcknx b0 3. C ,gec"}wm^NLuv\o4lňn @bN EQn^yyri_vNLu cv1\/fwm m0 4. D ,{Vkv4Y N*NSP[JTɋbN HOV T Alvin (WSOy NT[ϑ Nveϑؚ gu}Tv iirʑ>evll܏'YNr^ iirvʑ>eϑ (W3IQ N [Nvllʑ>eϑ/fck8^`Qv N P0 4. D gT$NkJTɋbN e(WWX-N؏/f(W4l-Nuv iirʑ>ell WX-Nv_uirmll Oll NNۏeQzzl0@bNA0B0C vQ[GW&{TwegT$Nk-N\Ova`0D vQ[we-Nl gc0R0 5. C gTNkv,{NSSN~b0R,gvT{Hh0 10. Smart Window (B~) fbc2007t^(ufNt]{|t,{ NAS N{Star Quality Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2. It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is, says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of memory. All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. In the future, Granqvist says, our buildings may look different. ͋Gl 00flip n. & v. (uKbc{9_ {Q 00tungsten oxide 'lS 00air conditioner zzhV 00jolt n. & v. Gd 8| CfR 00refreshing adj. ONn=rv 00electrochromic adj. 5uSrv 00glaze v. ňst (ustv 00voltage n. 5uS 00chromogenic adj. Srv 00air conditioning zz zz|~ lʑ 1. cutting edge,ga:N(RGrv)RS, RRkUa:NgHQۏv yb+Tϑgؚv0 2. anywhere in between with a flip of a switch1\(W_bsQvN0 3. Uppsala University in Sweden^txQvLNnf(b'Yf[0LNnf(b/f^txQNN^W^ MONe_T\idvSeT0 ~`N Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs? A) Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy. B) Windows help to save energy by letting light in. C) Windows help to save energy by providing heat. D) Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world. 2. When are windows the weak link in a building? A) In the cold winter. B) In the hot summer. C) When air conditioners are turned on. D) Both A and B. 3. What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4? A) Windows that are coated. B) Windows that are glazed. C) Windows the color of which can be changed. D) Windows that have many layers. 4. To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass? A) Electricity. B) Tungsten oxide. C) A battery. D) A voltage. 5. What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph? A) The buildings will look different. B) Windows can be as large as you want. C) We may not need air conditioners any more. D) They are less expensive than traditional windows. T{HhN 1. A ,{NkJTɋbNz7bV:N3IQۏeQ?b v^N:N?bcOpn @bN~Nn0,{Nk z7bONNcYNLu0@bNB0CTDfNz7bv͑'`0,{NkgTNS xvzck(W[z7bSbcN^ FOv^l g]~[bR @bNA/fvl /fcknx b0 2. D we,{ Nkv,{NSwindows are the weak link in a building c Neg/f[ُS݋R[QTpYZPNf0@bND/fcknx b0 3. C ,{VkJTɋbN Yt^eg yf[[]xvzQYyǏz7bvRl smart windowsO(uvb/gOz7bSbcr0@bNC/fcknx b0 4. B ,{Nk,{NScONT{Hh0a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide-Nv coated/f m NNB\v va`0 5. C wegTNkv,{NScONT{Hh0 11. Where Have All the Bees Gone? (B~) fbc2007t^(ufNt]{|t,{ NASN{Single-parent Kids Do Best Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease, he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees, Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies. Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do, he says. If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but its a promising theory, says Evans. ͋Gl 00honeybee n.  00parasite n. [uk[uuir 00hive n. ] { 00digestive adj. mSv 00pollen n. | 00immune adj. MQuv 00beekeeper n. {QN 00insecticide n. @gkBR 00expertise n. NwƋ N 00diversity n. Y7h'` lʑ colony-collapseSO+vu0Colony g kl0W va` (Wdka:N a group of the same kind of animals, plants, or one-celled organisms living or growing together. Nu;mbu(WNwv TyRir0 iirbUS~ހ g:gSO0 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research LaboratoryVQNxvz[[0 the Florida Department of Agriculture[OW̑QN@\0[OW̑/fVNWS萄vN*N] o4N'Y mTXT~n0 ~`N What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain? A) Honeybees are flying all across the country. B) 25-40 percent of the honeybees in the US have died. C) Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return. D) Honeybee hives are in disorder. 2. Why are researchers seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder? A) Because honeybees produce one-third of the foods we eat B) Because honeybees feed on flowers. C) Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers. D) Both B and C. 3. What are the possible causes of colony-collapse disorder given by the scientists? A) Worsening environment. B) Disease and chemicals. C) Dwindling number of flowers around. D) Changes in genes structures. 4. According to the fifth paragraph, which of the following about bees genes is true? A) Bees genes allow them to expand their colonies. B) Bees genes help keep them in their hives. C) Bees genes make them fly from flower to flower. D) Bees genes could explain the collapse of some colonies. 5. What explanation is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon? A) Farmers apply certain chemicals to kill unwanted bees. B)The insecticide destroys the honeybees nervous system. C)The insecticide affects the honeybees memory. D) All of the above. T{HhN 1. C we,{Nkv,{NSTgTNSJTɋbN fkf[R[ckb4NN*N NSʑv0,{NSʑNُ*N ~QNT{Hh0 2. A we,{Nkv,{NScONT{Hh0 Od|O iir~g Vdk:NN{|cOߘir0 3. B ,{Vv_4Y/fIt could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. ,{Nkv_4Y/fAnother cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that & ُ/fyf[[~Qv$N*NS bُysavSV0 4. D ,{NkvSP[bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not0ُ/f bDvOnc0 yA0B0CvQ[ez-Nl gQs @bN N/fT{Hh0 5. D ,{NkcNSN*NSvSV sS Q+YO(uv@gkBRS4xOWNv^y~|~T_0@bND/fcknx b0 13.  Hidden Species May Be Surprisingly Common (A~) fbc2007t^(ufNt]{|t,{VASkQ{Shrinking Water Supply Poses Threat to Peace Cryptic species  animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant  may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution. Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt1, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions. Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered, says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says. Im extremely surprised by their results, says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph2 in Ontario3, Canada. Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom. Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU)4. The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with, Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied. (428 words) ͋Gl 00cryptic adj. =vυv 00taxon n. uirv R{|USCQ 00biodiversity n. uirY7h'` 00taxonomic adj. R{|f[ v 00DNA n. 1'l8h|8hxdeoxyribonucleic acidv)Q 00non-interbreeding adj. ^BgNA~k 00biogeographical adj. uir0Wtf[v 00morphology n. b_`f[ 00malaria n. uu 00reptile n. ,rLRir 00sibling n. Tހ T^\ 00temperate adj.lP )n&^v lʑ 1. the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt_VlpQKQy'Yf[ sS Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main MONVT5$NlGlAmYvlpQKQy0 2. the University of Guelph-W\+Y'Yf[0!hbzN1964t^ /fN@blQzv~T'`'Yf[0(W2005t^Rb'Y~T{|'Yf[ċk-N -W\+Y'Yf[ TR,{3 T /fhQRb'YgW TvؚI{f[^KNN0 3. Ontario['Yeu0Rb'Y-NN萄vN*Nw0 4. the World Conservation UnionNLu6qObTv0hQtg'Y0g͑v6qObQ~:gg [ƖTN82*NV[0111*N?e^:gg0800Y*N^?e^~~NSeg181*NV[v~1NY Tyf[[TN[ b_bNNLusOW̑rNeNvhQt'`T\OsQ|0 ~`N Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true? A) The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas. B) The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates. C) The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution. D) The results of the research can help our understanding of survival of the fittest. What was scientists understanding of cryptic species? A) They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions. B) They were mostly found in insects and reptiles. C) They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions. D) Both B and C. 3. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist? A) Not yet. B) Yes, they do. C) They will know the answer in another one or two years. D) They will never know the answer. 4. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true? A) The WCU are interbreeding those elephants. B) They are interbreeding species. C) They are two genetically distant species. D) They depend on each other for survival. 5. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s, because scientists A) identified only one mosquito species instead of six species. B) thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease. C) thought there was only one mosquito species. D) did not know what species was being studied. T{HhN 1. D wev,{Nk,{NSv'Ya/f xvz~g:N^lvxvzWcO/T:y SbuirY7h'`xvz ؏.^RbNt OguuSvQoS0@bN y A0B0C /fcknxv [N N/fT{Hh0 y D v uX[ vQ[ez-Nl gcS Vdk/f,gvT{Hh0 2. D wev,{Nk,{NScv/fyf[[vMRvxvz~g ,{ Nkcv/fyf[[(WُKNMR[Ncryptic speciesvt0,g(uv/fǏS_ v/fǏSvrQ Vdk T{Hh(W,{ Nk-N BTC/fT{Hh @bND/fcknx b0 3. A ,{ NkT,{NkcONT{Hh0,{ NkvgTNS-NvUntil & , no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. vQa`1\/fNNvMR؏ NN0,{NkvgTNS_NfNxvzvMR[dk\*gN0 4. C T{Hh(W,{mQk-N0勵k>NN^2m'Ya:NO fNHN/f cryptic species0,{mQkvSP[  A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species /f b C vOnc0 y A N[ the WCU v^l gBgNA~kُ$Nya0 y B N[ weُ$Nya/f^BgNiry0 y D vQ[we-N~b N0R0 5. A wegTNkJTɋbN 1uN[P[y{| NN 20N~RguufP'k2m g~ yf[[MbN0RP[ُNiry N/f1uN*Ny{| /f1umQ*Ny{|~b0@bN ^ b A0 14. Why Humans Walk On Two Legs (A~) fbc2007t^(ufNt]{|t,{VAS]N{Retinal Prosthesis Helps the Blind Regain Eyesight A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees trained to use treadmills has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours. "When our earliest ancestors started walking on two legs, they took the first steps toward becoming human," said lead researcher Michael Sockol of UC Davis1. "Our findings help answer why." Sockol worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax adult chimps to walk on two legs and to "knucklewalk" on all fours on the sort of treadmill found in most gyms. The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected metabolic and other data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill. The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal2 walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than knucklewalking. "We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs - but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting," Sockol said. "What we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism3 was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on four. The other used less energy walking upright." These two chimps had different gaits and anatomy than their knucklewalking peers. Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds. Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased in distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy. "This isn't the complete answer," Sockol said. "But it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human? And why do we alone walk on two legs?" (435 words) ͋Gl chimpanzee n. ў)s)sS\Ochimp calorie n. aS̑ \aS biped n NRir treadmill n. nfUS]\O gait n. ek` ekl coax v. T TR anatomic adj. VRf[ v knucklewalk v. (usQp quadruped n. VRir metabolic adj.eH N"v Miocene n.& adj. -NeNv locomotion n. ЏRR lʑ 1. UC Davis R]'Yf[4b~eR!h0UC/fUniversity of California (R)Ry<\N'Yf[)v)Q !h gY*NR!h UC Davis/fvQ-NN*N0DavisNMR/fUC BerkeleyR!hvQf[b TegrzQeg0Davis/fN*N'Yf[W _\vW^ Davis!hVW,g1\gbNُ*NW^0 2. quadrupedal and bipedalquad-g͋͋ } /f"V"va`bi-:g͋͋ } /f"N"va`ped-g͋͋ } /f""va`-al/fgbb_[͋vT h:y"v"0Vdk quadrupedala:N"VRirv" bipedala:N"NRirv"0 3. bipedalism|bipedalNRirv v[^ T͋ ُ̑T-ismh:y"yr_"0"yr'`"0 ~`N 1. What did Michael Sockol and his team find out in their study of chimpanzees? A) The evidence why chimpanzees can be trained to use treadmills. B) The evidence why our apelike ancestors came to walk on four legs. C )The evidence why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs. D) The evidence why chimpanzees can be trained to walk on two legs. 2. Which of the following best interprets the meaning of"While the chimps worked out, ."(the first sentence of the third paragraph)? A) While the chimps worked in the lab. B) While the chimps exercised in the gym. C) While the chimps tried to figure out what they should do.- D) While the chimps tried to understand the instructions. 3. What was the result of the finding, according to Paragraph 5? A) Three chimps used more energy walking on two legs. B) One chimp used less energy walking on two legs. C) One chimp used about the same energy walking on two legs as on four. D) All of the above. 4. What was true of the hypothesis of the research? A) Our apelike ancestors were anatomically different but had the same gaits. B) Bipeds with natural selection had an advantage over quadruped. C) Our apelike ancestors could adapt to different climate changes due to genetic variation. D) Bipeds had an advantage over quadrupeds due to changes in the environment. 5. What does fossil and molecular evidence tell us about our earliest ancestors. A) They experienced more climate changes than we do today. B) Due to changes in climate, they were forced to travel between food patches. C) They could cover more ground than their quadrupedal peers because they  (*,48@BJLNTVm_N?3h5B* aJo(phh2tUh5yB* aJo(ph!hKhKB*KHQJaJphhKB*KHQJaJph$hKhKB*KHQJaJo(ph"h2tU5B*CJKHQJaJph$hX;h2tU5B*CJKHaJph(hX;h2tU5B*CJKHQJaJph h7hoMhb*hoMB* CJaJph hb*hoMB* CJaJo(ph hb*h7B* CJaJo(phh7B* CJaJo(ph*,BLNVX " \ Xc,Rtdgd1dgd5y"dgd(Jddgd(Jgd(Jgd5y$a$gd5gd5y $d,1$a$gd2tU^gdoM$a$gdoM4hpVhj~" <   $ % W X f l 9 : C E Z [  "   \ TV !÷ééà÷é÷éé÷éé÷÷÷à÷÷éé÷÷÷éh(Jh5yH*aJo(h(Jh5yaJh(Jh5yH*PJaJo(h(Jh5yPJaJo(h(Jh5yPJaJh2tUh5yaJo(hHwB* PJaJphhB* PJaJphh2tUh5yB* PJaJph:&."*,PRFHRTjz|~ŻyhH}h5y5aJh15aJo(h1@aJhH}h1@aJo(hH}h1@aJ h1aJo(hH}h1aJhH}h1aJo(h5y5aJo(hH}h5y5aJo(h(Jh5yH*PJaJo(h(Jh5yPJaJh(Jh5yPJaJo(-tT|~\0T*l & Fd1$gd5ydgd5y.d^`.gd1dgd1\.8N@**D "$jlnv4}'  7@   ޻hH}h1PJaJh5y5aJo(hH}h5y5aJo(hH}h5y6PJaJo(hH}h5yaJhH}h5yPJaJo(hH}h5yPJaJhH}h5yaJo(Blnv/~" 2AB >!!.dWD^`.gd1 & F1$gd5y `^``gd5yddgd5y & F1$gd5ygd5ydgd5y   !B!D!F!!!!!!>"@"D"F"H"#### ######p$t$v$x$~$$$$$$%% &Ʒ~~hH}h5yPJaJhH}h5yPJaJo(hH}h5y5aJo(h1B* aJphh5B* aJo(phh(Jh5yB* aJo(phhH}h5yaJo(h15aJo( h1aJo(hH}h1aJo(hH}h1PJaJh1h1PJaJ-!@"##v$x$$$$!&&() ++,5-.(.N.dgd5y gd(Jddgd(Jgd(Jdgd5y $da$gd5dgd5gd5y.dWD^`.gd1 &!&&&X&Y&&&&&&'''''''((((&('(J(K(((i)m)n)o)))^*_*** ++++++++',(,4,5,,,,,,,,....żżhH}h5aJo(h5y5aJo(hH}h5y5aJo(hH}h5yaJhH}h5yaJo(hH}h5yH*PJaJo(hH}h5yPJaJhH}h5yPJaJo(hH}h5y;aJo(;..&.(.L.N.P.\.^.........//*/8/X/b////////(0*0004060<0@0B0D0H0L0V00@1J1n12"2$2>2d2hH}h5yPJaJhH}h5yaJhH}h5yaJo(hH}h5y5aJhH}h5y5aJo(h55aJo(hH}h5@aJhH}h5@aJo( h5aJ h5aJo(hH}h5aJo(hH}h5aJ2N.j..../*/D/l/////0(0B0D0L00&1@1n1Z22 3 & Fd1$gd5ydgd5y.d^`.gd5dgd5d2222Z333J4T4X444(50525L555'6P6s6x666666677I77777$8@8B8P8V8888\9999999<:>:B:D:F:T: hwaJo(hH}hwaJo(hH}hwPJaJo(hwhwPJaJo(hH}hwPJaJh5y5aJo(hH}h5y5aJo(hH}h5yPJaJhH}h5yaJhH}h5yaJo(hH}h5yPJaJo(7 3Z3J4L4T4L55)6Q6667F777V88^9999>:.dWD^`.gdw`d^``gd5y d$ddgd5ydgd5y & Fd1$gd5yT:p:::^;`;d;f;h;;;;;;t<v<z<|<~<<<<<<=====>>>4>>>@>B>J>ĸzjh6hU 5B* aJo(phhU hS?aJo( hU aJo(hS?hU B*aJo(ph#hS?hU 5B*CJaJo(ph hU aJ hwaJhH}hwPJaJo(hwhwPJaJo(hwhwPJaJhH}hwPJaJ hwaJo(hH}hwaJo(hH}hwaJ$>:`;;v<<=>>>4>>>@>B>J>f>h>|ACf>h>j>l>f@|A~AAzCCCCDu@uHuzu.dWD^`.gdU \dWD8^`\gdU lmnnolppprphrs>u@uHulynyxyTVd,.028:@jlpo]o#h_thKMr5B* CJaJo(ph h_thKMr5B* CJaJphh_t5B* CJaJphh(JhU hU B*o(ph hU h@B*KHaJo(phh(J5B*CJKHaJph$hX;h(J5B*CJKHaJph h5y5aJhU hU 5aJo( hU aJo(hU hU aJo(hU hU aJzuuv2vvtwwxXxDylynyxyyyz8zz8{f{{$||B}}@~HdWDp^H`gdU .dWD^`.gdU @~~~"TVdȆB.8:^gd(J $1$@&a$gd(Jdgd5y!dWD^`!gdU .dWD^`.gdU :pZ(Fj2Z f gd4P `$a$gd_t$  9a$gd_tpv~\]34;=56PWXГ$BVXֲֻւwkwkwkwkwhH}hKMrOJQJo(hH}hKMrOJQJhH}hKMro(hH}hKMr5 h4P5o(h4Ph4Po( hKMr5o(hH}hKMr5o(hH}hKMrPJhH}hKMrB*phhH}hKMr6hH}hKMrH* hH}hKMr h(JhKMrh(JhKMr5B* phh(JhKMr5B* o(ph)XZ^̔Δ &\fh•ĕ fh TVdf 충충충͉~hH}hKMr0JQJhH}hKMr0J5QJo(hH}hKMr6hH}hKMrQJo(hH}hKMr0JB*phjhH}hKMrUhH}hKMrOJQJo(hH}hKMro(hH}hKMrOJQJhH}hKMrOJQJo( hH}hKMrhH}hKMrOJQJo(,Δ Z&p4bʚhכ f^` f^` f\^`\ f` f` f & F f$dfv$&ўҞ hƠؠԡ֡"FHJLNP`bx|~"&ƽƶhH}hKMro(hH}hKMrmH sH hH}hKMr5hH}hKMr5o( hH}hKMrhH}hKMrKHhH}hKMrKHQJo(hH}hKMr6KHhH}hKMr0J5hH}hKMr0J5QJo(hH}hKMr0J566TSzUӞ 89z$&f$a$gd_t f;^;` f\^`\ f` f f`&,LN`bflt+,¥å"#RSĭܭᯢzskc[ShH}hKMro(hH}hKMr5hH}ho(hhKMro( hhKMrhho( hKMr5o(hH}hKMr5o(hH}hKMrH* hH}hKMrh_thKMr5B* phh_thKMr5B* o(ph#h_thKMr5B* CJaJo(ph#h_thKMr5B* CJH*aJph h_thKMr5B* CJaJphh_t5B* CJaJph f .:vث٫6XxƬ,H. & F f fgd ``$a$gd_tܭ,D~̮"&(:BDBDTV04:<vxƷȷLNPRZh,:L^nhH}hKMr5hH}hKMr5o(hH}hKMr0JB*phjhH}hKMrUhH}hKMrCJhH}hKMrQJo( hH}hKMrhH}hKMro(F.24<TzٲRxɳ S~` f` f` f$  9`a$ & F f f\^`\~޴GVȷN L$a$ $ 95a$gdM ` f\^`\ f`` f` fnprtvxȹ"VXZ޺ "DTVh 8HJLNʾϾѾDIѿֿ x}hH}hKMr6hH}hKMrH* hM hKMrhM hKMr5B* o(phhM hKMr5B* ph#hM hKMr5B* CJaJo(ph hM hKMr5B* CJaJphhH}hKMro( hH}hKMr=LNѿN#34R,f&(0 & F f fgdK LiJ^i`J`$ a$}#(&(.0DJ ".0.0xz| @JfrxhH}hKMr0JB*phjhH}hKMrUhH}hKMrOJQJo(hH}hKMro(hH}hKMr5 hK5o(hKhKo( hKMr5o(hH}hKMr5o(hH}hKMr6 hH}hKMr> >tM6DSs|4` f` f` & F f & F f4h|:@d h`h`$  ^a$$a$ LiJ^i`J \^`\ f` f` f`*FNP^x~&,8@^`djr./&(߿𠙑}hH}hKMrOJ PJ o(hH}hKMr5h9h9o( hKMr5o(hH}hKMr5o(hH}hKMrH*hM hKMr5B* phhM hKMr5B* o(ph#hM hKMr5B* CJaJo(ph hM hKMr5B* CJaJph hH}hKMrhH}hKMro(1SBv*^"Z\d & F f\^`\ fgd9 ,`` :X\bd \^4Fbhnprtvz &.Nfhj;<ͻͭhH}hKMrH*hM hKMr5B* phhM hKMr5B* o(ph#hM hKMr5B* CJaJo(ph hM hKMr5B* CJaJphhH}hKMr5hH}hKMr5o( hH}hKMrhH}hKMro(;!R7]'yLwh H\^H`\ & F & F` f` f`h6 jl?wno8bgd6@y`$a$$ `a$ \^`\ f ^` HPTZ\P\^nNPj| ,l>@FɽѬ#h5hKMr5B* CJaJo(ph h5hKMr5B* CJaJphhH}hKMrOJ PJ o(hH}hKMro( hH}hKMrhH}hKMr5hH}hKMr5o( h6@y5o(h6@yh6@yo( hKMr5o(;b*TtRT\&`:Qg^ & F ;^;`gd6@y>asNP^lF$a$$`a$ f \^`\^FLTtD            v$(.0.8fx",.:<>@BDj|üݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥݥhH}hKMro( h<5o(h<h<o( hKMr5o(hH}hKMr5o(hH}hKMr5hH}hKMrH* hH}hKMrhM hKMr5B* phhM hKMr5B* o(phA  D E  * X z     6 d    &( & F gd< $ ``$a$(0trf:n L^ & F hlRk U!r"#z$&&&"'L'gdbU` `$a$ $ a$ \^`\gdbU \^`\LNRTZb    ##&&&''''<(>(<)>)D)F)))*<*x*****عzrhH}hKMr5 hbU5 hbUhbUhbUhbUhbUo( hKMr5o(hH}hKMr5o(hH}hKMrH*h<hKMr5B* o(phh<hKMr5B* ph#h<hKMr5B* CJaJo(ph h<hKMr5B* CJaJphh<hKMr5hH}hKMro( hH}hKMr,L'|''(>(z(((( )<)>)F)>*+J+\,^,f,"--;...%/h/^ & F   \^`\gdbU***+&+F++++++++++, ,,,Z,^,d,f,34444444444444 5\5z5555555556666(7H7V7X7Z78&8,888>8D8V8r8x8888888b9f9h9j9l9p9h~uhKMrhH}hKMr5mH sH hH}hKMr5hH}hKMr5o( hH}hKMrhH}hKMro(Mh////)060G000121U1118222333344568l9 ;i^;`i \^`\^l9n9p99P:R:<=>?A$CDEEF>FfFFFFFGN King crab :NO0܏ywm\NuS v^\KNW(Wl N 2bkߘ|Tߘ00R,{N!k%fnoeg4Ne \]4xX Q0 "zz3"^kXNHNbT y F Qs second spring, ُ/fN NNST|vOS0Q wQ[ [/f NNSa`v6qSU\0F /fT{Hh0 004. C0,{Vk0RTsNRir N{[}Tw0SOb_'Y\ vQNu_;`!kpe'Yv T0\O>NSOb_'Y0[}Tv'YaTSOb_\0[}Twv shrew )1 :NOfKN0,gkvPpe,{NS/f~ The size of the body determines the speed of life."zz4" ^kXNHNbT0O^N N~ gsQ0 yC v"The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is"/f[ NNSv~v~Sf0C /fT{Hh0 005. A0,{Nk0R@wt^vX utSSOq_TNvea0"zz5"MRbNS0RN "zz5"TbNS0R\i[0SN$Re "zz5"vQ[OmSSN*Nt^k0 y E NN*Nbt^k0A /fT{Hh0 ,{ASN{ Virtual Driver Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. ___1___. Apparently there isnt anyone in the drivers cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: a built-in computer. ___2___. The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system. In comparison with the human brain, the virtual drivers best advantage is that it reacts quickly. ___3___. However, it takes the worlds best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesnt include the time he needs to take action. With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? ___4___. With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways. The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ___5___. This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5. ͋Gl 00virtual adj. Zbv 00built-in adj. L]eQv 00coordination n. OS MT 00racecar n. [f 00cab n. ~v[ 00expressway n. ؚlQ 00minicamera n. \Wgqv:g 00driverless adj. e~vXTv 00boot n. fT萄v LNg{ lʑ 001. virtual driverZb~vXT 002. The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at'Y#{}lfhTVirSOyRv^0 The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at  The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving 003. have the wheel~v}lf 004. This being the case}6q`Q/fُ7h0 This being the case /frzR͋w0 005. highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like*gegv}lf1\^/fؚ^zfSv}lf ~`N 00A Experts say that we cannot do that just yet. 00B In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation. 00C This is the brain of the car. 00D But how does an intelligent car control itself? 00E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds. 00F However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them. T{HhN 001. D0"zz1" MRb N*NSP[v/fwN~vXT~v}lfe0f__6q0@bN C/fT{Hh0 003. E0"zz3"MRbNS Zb~vXTg'YvOp/fS^_0 "zz3"TbNS g}Yv[fKb\1yMb\OQS^0"\1y"]~f:y Zb~vXTS^^kwN~vXT_0N~b y E g6q Zb~vXTS100ky1\\OQS^0 y E O N Neva`[te Vdk/fT{Hh0 004. A0"zz4"MRb/fNSS sS "(Wُy`Q N /f N/fSN NRe0 NR0WpZb~vXT~v}lf?""zz4"vSP[^VT{ُ*N"؏/f N" y A VT{Nُ*N Vdk/fT{Hh0 005. F0"zz5"MRbNS "The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. zf}lf cnpfhQvfS~Q[]vLfeT `fv8^ĉb_rƋ+RvQ[f0 y F vQ[ck}YvS0 NNS"recognizes" ؏ g" mark the lanes clearly" F "cannot recognize" S" no clear markings".Na`h NT͋Gl͑ Y N $ReQ F vSP[^Qs(W"zz5"vMOn N0 ,{ASN{ The Arctic Ice is Thawing Father Christmas may have to move his  workshop1 from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers' feet as well. His workshop is in dire straits. The platform for the workshop is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund environmental group's Arctic Program. An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of heat-trapping gases2 in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more inhabitable to Father Christmas. ___1___. Young people learn that Father Christmas' workshop produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh. Hollywood movies like "The Polar Express3" tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. ___2___. The "Fortress of Solitude" is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world5. Alan Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. ___3___. Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. "This should be a subject for the United Nations," he said. Danmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power." Denmark says Father Christmass real home is Greenland, which will help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. ___4___. "Doesn't he already speak Danish?" Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month's Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland6. ___5___. ͋Gl 00thaw v. S ㉻Q 00Nordic adj. S'kv 00reindeer n. o 00rink n. nQ :W 00dire adj. S`v 00Danish adj. 9Nv 00build-up n. X:_ ZƖ 00Danmark n. 9N 00sleigh n. Gj 00sovereignty n. ;NCg 00Hollywood n. }Y^W 00frostily adv. Q o0W 00Greenland n. yOSv݋ [1\b gTlvCg)RSRKmSgvwlT)Y6ql0 N Nea`/fޏ/v @bN C /fT{Hh0 005. E0"zz5"MRbNS " Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland".S_ w0R y E -N͑ YQs Rovaniemi 1\wS "zz5"vMOn N^/f y E vSP[0#WދNYdk7w~ Rovaniemi kt^~ g50N8n[egS‰ Rovaniemi v#Wދ-N_0E vSP[ "Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi  N[#WދN]~yE\Wtms|N " /f[MRNS "7w~"v gΘv;`~ _N/f[N"zz1"vSP[ "He may have to move from the North Pole within our children's lifetimes" ev|T^0 y E /f,gvT{Hh0 ,{mQR [b_kXzz $N{ ,{N{ Biological Identification Technologies When a person walks, the movement of his head, trunk, hipbones and limbs are all reflected in changes in his body. A computer 1 these changes into a database. Later, the computers can 2 identify him according to these changes. This is a new biological identification method and it can quickly identify an examinee 3 disturbing him. It's especially suitable for use in airports and supermarkets. Everybody's voice is 4 . When a person's voice is recorded by an instrument, its voice frequency spectrum is called his sound print. Like a fingerprint, everybody's sound print is different. How can computers 5 his sound? First, his voice is recorded, which allows the computers to become familiar with his voice. It will then turn his sound characteristics into a 6 of digits. These digits represent the frequency, pitch and rhythm of the persons voice. These are the 7 on which the computers can distinguish1 his voice from 8 . When that person needs to be identified, after he says only one word or two, the computers can identify him. The computers can even identify sounds coming 9 the wires. This will provide a 10 guarantee to electric banks and electric purchases. We often bring ID cards2, work cards, or driver licenses with us to prove our identity. If all these cards are forgotten or lost, how can we prove 11 we are? In fact, it's not difficult to prove whom you are, because your body 12 has identifying markers. Some are physiological features, such as fingerprints, sounds, facial types and eye color. The computer can help to identify you. Suppose your features have already been stored in the database3. To identify you, we have to take your picture with a camera and send it to a computer for 13 . First, the computer needs to reposition this picture according to the position of your eyes4, and then starts to read the message of your physiological features such as the 14 of your pupil5 to the whites of your eyes6 and the shape of his nose. Next, it seeks matching records from the database. Finally, it makes a 15 . ͋Gl 00hipbone n. 00pitch n. ؚ 00limb n. SO 00license n. gbgq 00database n. penc^ 00fingerprint n. c~ 00spectrum n. 1 00reposition v. 9eS& MOn 00digit n. pex peW[ lʑ 001.0basis on which the computers can distinguish(Wُ*NW@x N 5u:SR& & . MRb&^ gN͋vsQ|N͋which_[[NS Opbasis. 002.0ID cardsN0ID = identity 003.0Suppose your features have already been stored in the databaseGP[`Ovyr_]~PX[(WDe^̑0 Suppose your features have already been stored in the database SNt:N Let us suppose your features have already been stored in the database. 004. reposition this picture according to the position of your eyes cgq`Ov*aJhH}haJhh5B* aJphhh5B* aJph$p]NWLNVtDfFhjdgdPdgd WD`gd%Ggd$a$gdjrnLprtHdWDp^H`gd4tdgd|HWDp^H`gdkB$gdkB$gdHdWDp^H`gdPdgdPdgdrtZ\ }~56fg(ŻŻ~ukuaukuaukuaukukuauhH}hH*aJhH}h>*aJhH}haJh}h}5B* o(phh}h5B* phhH}h4taJo( haJo( h4taJo(h|h|aJo( h4to( h|o(h|h|o(h|h|5OJQJo(h|h5OJQJhH}h5aJhkB$hkB$OJQJaJo(&\+,.Vdgd1dgdgd$a$gd}gd4tdgd4tHdWDp^H`gd4t()+prxz$|@Fõë}o_}QID h o(hFhFo(hFhFOJQJaJo(h1ha>5OJQJaJo(ha>ha>OJQJaJo(hFh5OJQJaJo(hFh5OJQJaJ haJo(h1h1aJh1h1aJo(h1h1OJQJaJo(h1h5OJQJaJo(h1h5OJQJaJhH}hPJaJhH}haJhH}hH*aJFprz$VPdgdHdWDp^H`gda>dgda>HdWDp^H`gd1dgddgd1f|BDFPg   ( L dgd dgdgd$IdWDp^I`a$gd IdWDp^I`gd HdWDp^H`gd HdWDp^H`gdFFNPUV [\45               :>DFsihhaJo(hh5OJQJaJ haJo(h h5OJQJaJo( haJo(h h aJh h aJo(h h5OJQJaJhH}hPJaJhH}h>*aJhH}hH*aJhH}haJh 5B* o(phh h5B* ph'L n       < d       * r   <>HdWDp^H`gdHdWDp^H`gd dgddgd >FRfhv@BlnfhdgdBHdWDp^H`gdBdgddgdgdHWDp^H`gdIdWDp^I`gdFfhtv@BNP lnz|fhtv,.Ϳ}jY!h 65B*CJKHaJo(ph$hX;h 65B*CJKHaJphhOOJQJaJo(h 6OJQJaJo(h 6OJQJaJhBOJQJaJhBhBOJQJaJhBOJQJaJo(hBhBOJQJaJo(h5OJQJaJo(hh5OJQJaJhH}haJhhOJQJaJo(.8:Bq!#$((((((),)T)v)))dgdodgdxCgdxC$a$gd!1gd!1 $d1$a$gd 6.68:@BL U   !!!!!N"W"""c#l#####O$W$w$$$$N%X%%%&&&&N'O'l'm'''''''p((((øïhH}hxCPJaJhH}hxCH*aJhH}hxC>*aJhH}hxCaJh!15B* o(phh!1hxC5B* ph hxhHjB*KHaJo(phhxB*KHaJo(ph hxhxB*KHaJo(ph4((())))))****-------. ..&.N.V.t....ʼwj]VKVVVVhH}hxCKHaJ hG hxChG 5KHOJQJaJhxC5KHOJQJaJhG hxC5KHOJQJaJhtVOJQJaJnHo(tH#htVhtVOJQJaJnHo(tH&htVhxC5OJQJaJnHo(tHhtVhxC5OJQJaJhH}hxCaJhohoOJQJaJo(hohxC5OJQJaJo(hohxC5OJQJaJ)))**,H-d---------. $IfgdG d$IfgdO!dgdxCdgdxCdgdtVHdWDp^H`gdtVdgdxCgdxC.. ..&.1.?.qeYPYY $IfgdG d$IfgdO !d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T?.@.C.N.V.].c.qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG Tc.d.g.t....qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkdb$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T.......qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T.......qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T..../&/3/Z/[/^/d/////// 060000061B1D15v468:BDĀր:Ϳ|oeohH}hxC>*aJhH}hxCaJmH sH hThT5B* aJo(phhThxC5B* aJphhH}h~PJaJo(hxCPJaJo(hG hG OJQJaJUhG hG OJQJaJo(hxC5OJQJaJhG hxC5OJQJaJhH}hxC5aJ hG hxChH}hxCaJ%....///qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkdu$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T///&/3/C/T/qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd&$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG TT/U/X/^/d/j/u/qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG Tu/v/z/////qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T///////qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd9$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T///////qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T//0 060N0f0qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG Tf0h0p00000qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkdL$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T00000121qee\ee $IfgdG d$IfgdOkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T214161D1263$44$v xxqiiWWWWWWWHdWDp^H`gdG dgdxCkd $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytG T his sound?"ُNv0 006. A (WSP[ "It will then turn his sound characteristics into a ? of digits"6qT5u\NvXyr_lbc:N  vpex -N kXeQ"zz6"v͋f N[0other's _N N[ Yg(u 1\_/f others'. 009. D "zz9"@b(WvSP[va`/f 5u؏YƋ+RǏ5u~ OǏegvX0through /fTtv b0@bN D/fT{Hh0 0010. D ,g㉘v`g}Y(ucdl0Yg (u cleverer/tidier/smarter N guarantee -dM a` N gp*` S g safer guarantee f[hQvbO gTt0 0011. B 5ufv/fbN/f sSbNvN @bNS(u whom we are.B /fT{Hh0 0012. C body vN͋/f it SN͋/f itself.SP[va`TlBl(uSN͋ sS itself.C/fT{Hh0 0013. A "zz13"TbvSP[5u[eQvNPۏLYyYt first, then, next, finally 0h"Yt"ُB\a`v͋/f processing. A /fT{Hh0 0014. C (u size0type b shape NL0Yg(uN "your pupil to the whites of your eyes"-Nv to 1\N size0type b shape N-dM0S g ratio, a` NT-dM N[0ratiov(ul/f ratio of& to& 0 0015. B 5uv~gN[[hQS` N+T|vQ͋0@bN proposal, recommendation NO/fT{Hh0contribution !.s va`N N Nec N N0@bN S g yB v decision Mb/fT{Hh0 ,{AS N{ Debate over the use of Renewable energy Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US. says the key renewable energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast 1 of land if developed up to large scale production1  unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better left alone2, he says. Renewables look attractive when they are quite 2 . But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible. Instead, Ausubel argues 3 renewed development of nuclear. Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used3. Moreover, he claims that as renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency4 will 4 as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up. Using biofuels to obtain the 5 amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant would require 2500 square kilometres of farm 6 , Ausubel says. "We should be sparing land for nature5, not using it as pasture for cars and trucks," he adds. Solar power is much more efficient than biofuel in terms of the area of land 7 , but it would still require 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic cells to 8 the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says meeting the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the size of Texas. However, several experts are highly critical 9 Ausubel s conclusions. John Turner of the US government s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that 10 the US got all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over for highways. Further, it need not 11 additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of 12 buildings, he says. According to Turner, the same "dual use" also applies to wind power6. "The footprint for wind7 is only 5% of the land that it 13 . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on8. Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the 14 . "I m not sure I d want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan9, but we could 15 put in wind and solar power," he adds. ͋Gl 00Renewable adj. SQuvn. SQun 00photovoltaic adj. IQ5uv 00rooftop n. K\v 00biofuel n uirqe 00footprint n. q_T:SW 00fallout n. YOl ~g 00turbine n. mn:g 00megawatt n. FQt 00pasture n. gr:W gr0W 00oversimplification n. ǏN{USS lʑ 001. if developed up to large scale productionYg_S0R'Yĉ!jv z^0 if developed up to large scale production  if the key renewable energy sources were developed up to large scale production 002. That land would be far better left aloneOYuNGrW0W܏kO(u[:N}Y0be left alone /f"+RR["va`0Y 0000Leave him alone. He can solve the problem himself. 0000 NSbdN0N]O㉳Qv0 003. Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land usedAusubel (uks^elQ:\W0WNNuvϑvksُNel [SQun0)Y6qlT8h5uSSQY\ϑۏLRg N _QNv~0 that renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used /f[NS Op the amount of energy, sQ|R͋ that weu0in terms of /f " cgq Onc".Y 0000We cannot measure everything in term of money. 0000bN N(uёegaϑkNNN0 004. this measure of efficiencyُyHesve_ 0step up R'} va`N N Ne N9SM0 0012. D "zz12"@b(WvSP[va`/f VNNN ? 'Y|iv|ivv*Y35u`lg -N1\_0RVRKNNvϑ0Na`ޏ/v҉^ b y D v existing g&{Ta0 0013. D ,gk,{NS(uN "dual use".,{NSΘRS5u`S(uW0Wv~vRpe W0Wv,{N*N(u 0,{NS^ gmnS5u:gvW0WN6qSN(uNy W0Wv,{N*N(u 0"zz13"kXvR͋^/f D v covers v 0the land that it cN wind covers, a:N "ΘRS5u@bvvW0W". 0014. A an oversimplification of the  vzz[NHNǏ^{USSbT? N N Ne w ^/f[`S(uW0WvǏ^{USS0 y A v issue  ck/f N Ne:1Yv͋0stuff Pge 0summary ;`~ 0suggestion ^ N[0 0015. C "zz15"@b(WSP[vMRJSS/f NO(W?[Wl^ 8h5uz TJSS(u but _Y fMRJSSTTJSSva`vS0MRJSS(uN I'm not sure TJSS(u y C v certainly, N not sure va`vS /f_Ttv0  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.chinaacc.com/upload/news/2008/1/16/lilu817420081161422129145.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  00-NNSOQ!hLy틅[ z(W^'Yf[XT-NS_N^8^}YvST 'Y[nfMS fMR['}4}TRT vQՋ|Ӛ aɉSvoY Y`NNJSR P0:NNb2008t^LyՋvf[XT gfEQveY YYeQ 2008t^LyՋQ N[ _YhQbbu  HYPERLINK "http://www.chinaacc.com/login/pay_reg_new.asp" \t "_blank" 2kbN 00YeQ2008t^LyՋ[ScQ l͋Gl|s [ccNW,glN͋Glvu '}[~TSt^Ջĉ_Tw [Ly_vlT͋GlwƋۏLƖ-N .^Rf[u(W Y`NǏ z-NX:_l͋Glf[`Nv['`T[(u'`0hQ zƉc N[24\eT{u f[XTN9KNewS NPe0!kpe͑ Ypdf[`N v0RS_gՋ~_gTNhTsQ  HYPERLINK "http://www.chinaacc.com/login/pay_reg_new.asp" \t "_blank" 2kbN 00 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.chinaacc.com/upload/news/2008/1/16/lilu8997200811614293056020.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET 0 HYPERLINK "http://www.chinaacc.com/wangxiao/gonggao/english/2008englishfa.htm" -NNSOQ!h 2008t^LyQ N[ bueHh 00 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.chinaacc.com/upload/news/2008/1/16/lilu8997200811614293056020.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET 0 HYPERLINK "http://www.chinaacc.com/demo/english.htm" 2008LyQ~ zMQ9Ջ,T      ONvQ N[V b TT5u݋010-82318888 MQ9p~: 4008104588 Ow010-82330766  PAGE 39 x zz\{{H|}D~68:D6FB<DdgdTdgdxC gdxCdx-DM gdxC$a$gdTgdxCdgdG HdWDp^H`gdG :<4F>P܄ބxVh҇ԇBz|xz  ؑ<BDóhhhxC5OJQJaJhH}hxCPJaJhThTOJQJaJo(hThxC5OJQJaJo(hThxC5OJQJaJhH}hxCaJhH}hxC>*aJhH}hxCaJmH sH hH}hxCH*aJmH sH 5В"Hjp$Lx|Λ*dgdhHdWDp^H`gdhdgdxCgdxCdgdT(,PTқ֛  jlbd jlVX02vvvvvvvvvvvvvvhH}hxCaJ hGXhxC'hGXhGXKHOJQJaJnHo(tH*hGXhxC5KHOJQJaJnHo(tHhGXhxC5KHOJQJaJhH}hxCPJaJhhOJQJaJnHo(tH#hhhhOJQJaJnHo(tH&hhhxC5OJQJaJnHo(tH.* *@Vj $IfgdGX!dgdxCgdxCHdWDp^H`gdh jlrvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd_ $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT̠ܠvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT4Jbvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXTbdjzvmmmmm $IfgdGXkdr $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXTġءvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd# $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT $@Pjvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXTjlrvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT¢΢ޢvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd6$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT.DVvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXTVX`vvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT£ڣ0vmmmmm $IfgdGXkdI$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT02:Tlvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXTƤܤvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT <Vnvmmmmm $IfgdGXkd\$$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXTnpr~ЦH\|hjlNPRTVVX@Bйҹڹܹʺ̺ǽ~vjvj`jvjvj`jvjvjhR!0JB*phjhR!CJUaJhR!CJaJjhR!CJUaJhR!CJaJjhR!CJUaJ haJo(h^hGX>*aJo(hGXhGX>*aJo(hGXhGXaJo(hGXhxC5OJQJaJo(hGXhxC5OJQJaJhH}hxCPJaJhH}hxCaJ hGXhxC%nprLv,zvqqbbbbb]bgdGXHWDp^H`gdcgdxCkd $$IfTl4r  C4 laf4ytGXT L$ ܱ2jjV248:>@DFJLȽ$a$gdkgdR!$a$gdR!HWDp^H`gd~ gdGXHWDp^H`gdc̺κкҺԺtv .02Ͼ϶qgXNXXChR!5B*\phhR!0JB* ph3jhR!0JB* Uph3hR!0JB*ph&j'#hR!5B* CJU\aJph3hR!5B* CJ\aJph3&jhR!5B* CJU\aJph3hR!0JB* CJaJph3hR!CJaJ!hR!0J5B* CJ\aJph3jhR!0JCJUaJhR!0JCJaJjhR!CJUaJjyhR!CJUaJ246:<@BFHLNPȽʽ,LNZ\`bdfhnprøzsokhOhU h1h1hR!0J#mHnHu h10J#jh10J#Uh\X5OJQJ\h15OJQJ\o(h\X5OJQJ\o(h15OJQJ\h9 hT:5o( hk5o(j&hT:hT:5U hkhkhjhUhR!hR!aJo($ȽʽLdfhjlnprHWDp^H`gd~ $a$gd1gd1 0182P. A!"#$%S $$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytG T$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT$$If!vh555C55#v#v#vC#v#v:V l4555C554f4ytGXT DdLXx  S TA4lilu817420081161422129145b UZ= mkCs7,g} n UZ= mkCs7,g}PNG  IHDR(?X'tEXtCommentCreated by IBM HomePage BuilderCMPLTE[@@V[etRNS@fbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712HsIDATx^Zz0 LKgN?Sn_k`I}dqzݬ_\7b]_(苇ߩ~% fzީ~ = Y}=u{U?m [x?yv-z{mܜK(in+zYciL~`d`g]GNN |oXcDꏱp-cUdu|t"^l=l3zZHRp~W Av{Z E8;جu?5=[x#*Ks?H=mmi^xV1һ@˯g;UB#- -z'<zDGU?K ;hπ˧c{r<$y,'&wQ%hl6$@t= ly_.\{[z9iGC@|'&lKM2]50T+$W/"Stpֿ3)PU? )RrAdjĕ悉,9,#H7 DI $݉0M;&Лw5PyMR]^ &}bs6z@V&Z o{U/bDvuù4C +TUA/F6bДx:LWyКOP!TJ r -39U^ƭi|q^1; y#5EpkgfŗYg2 /^>ؖsܪ1m\͈0,++Y/OidW Wo6{\UopKWDB-ͶFf.w WX]l\ IBMW]qr(A[&P q[eZTW;%2-4mHlltx*s7Ђ;OE/bq؆ƥk7mRBQ <Ԅ=ݪT rS#M}J5K1p4F mN;k)'HOmIENDB`Dd**z  S VA6lilu8997200811614293056020b˒7|jL k#n˒7|jL PNG  IHDR +tgIFxNETSCAPE2.0$NP PLTEitRNS AbKGDf |dgIFg P% cmPPJCmp0712OmIDATcXj/h` A@z) GNHmsOGMSOFFICE9.0GIF89a ! NETSCAPE2.0! ,  \H7}p! ,  ܁TB޿UQ! , !^IENDB`DDdZ  C 6AQ!hlogo(>e(Wech̑v)RVC^}ۋy5 x2C'F*C^}ۋy5 xJFIFHH,Photoshop 3.08BIMHHAdobed4     u!"1A2# QBa$3Rqb%C&4r 5'S6DTsEF7Gc(UVWdte)8fu*9:HIJXYZghijvwxyzm!1"AQ2aqB#Rb3 $Cr4%ScD&5T6Ed' sFtUeuV7)(GWf8vgwHXhx9IYiy*:JZjz ?ߺ^׽tU{gCnvKu}IM.[kI+sI|iz<L^713ɴPBm,W ZV4qp0ƲKo_Tp 5 -!U5-MHO Dk5E;I2-EDp3̢jZ)$G{{^׺uw?0ꏁ;av|,\\]ؽnN3nÝbjւZף>:O|p_ۖv?Vm>ܻCnٿ0!nh hIZpעZɶԷ!A \O+Cg|0CrL~F`r}e>dcC+EOiJS'7[mq1-rȪ#"*qׯ8'Ա #ȒO=3;k*}򑶟d񶛤>Er\xm`2KT ԕssUڽ;{`ۮbY#]Hªt£ɔDso3A4eF hG)F?ɫeGhk~wuem=7hؿ?z>'vvݙ3c./5%G@);#hlsICO —u~lnh{myn'BSClI;]қa-۔}A3x\6ed*6;f3 ;2#"v}x8 2R0azW쥌'  {xmؽ_+Cqme 3[3RbX,Ҥu%eD܍[=ovGk,3$WV*Hc\Prm˂ZTTҦcrgjm;#uaE\SßUy"S&&uHe&C J{s' # hC  Ȟ<3*l`ϑLJBg׺ugS[IղK7/Usg}Ǒ X۝7LV@UhR7V%mgi+ ˹}yN 2\oEfifnأAj#[tfSoj DžNS*C1ڸ,k' 3*FZy^zeiًdr)W([QTg>Jz߻n<4)wCĒѬ\+D(ȪQ0^WP=[ڹLv"-=cw}S`鄹 r;dvܘS5n滸u\J0*@QSA@ɧ]ZHBhA&@ >@-eF!x(Y骩j`gWGF*AVV* X0 ">[׺գ{'O_l^ހ=wl)w%Ij>g I]ڤTB+ IP}nי/lm洰IbhP]DC+NN>]IU"Gd*`4#|O+f?l/6'?߽ܺ;_ܽ_K.ڙ m_5CJLL,_7w{ݦ 81tBL|'5;iJ6g$ʷrMZTter2it`[F{mN5*(;~me~AsN =Z#cCUAauTC[h**v|w~W۶dzxmB3E6Ax4 kқgۮ| fL@} _>a9]{rms۶sٷ̣jm;ՐaxM͇BkᬧOV+ S͊܃βrw,o..'PDrhYY *Y .`53HNy ZSן>w7}/~ f _^z^A*o53&B:Xhl>jYb{/r/ݍyk')pn@:bʼnQZ04Ź>*m*6^ {psqd|a +τΟ1}{_MY^S*r OwOOi9og|crrm3\eH5VvS{{'LGVZRG|nO=q'魯O٭G?g6<ۙq8ՏZ%jHjY#8olۖ]8vxc2GDu؏U:h'-.02hr+JzSǭJ{Cwo~?ߖ8]asG`=ѽW.毤 *NܡT& δɇ)yהo9K-kڝeHnknKFч;%b w7xpRG%?Wҵ8Ձ4?c{oʟ:3_#O_?{62nՓv`fԧo̬re1FJevܩfoV\,62vh毡sj8GFP,$gR$RBPRiQAvr:`yzjvZ*5Gd@n ~ŗRf+t_II9#xռXOɰB%B-Jg YQu0 'L"Ÿ254 5΄uV}3?0yzeJc६htR%Bed$ܽ%vך8~:Ɗw'Efat̠:UbS '.c s0RIA פ/̪=;cǔ{#Wɮﱻ'zۓ[prw>bKT_%]>zw~nDw m 9!KZiхFdTٷn[tjygv@x׉T:(=6_z-im߿{ߢ{[tGeSǖ77^*(sd.DnbĿ"ms[G?F)Ӫ'*k-+82xj6KK+]|`XЭ hEMkJ1]=C{ut54T4TUVU5-%-4m5EMMD̐O(]UPI ~k_gqfsFm540QL\ed!kb6>`6Y 8V''F{aXs۬H4 P PjhO{OճU&wgu~,]̓v\7qUm~K%6Boɐ!w9Kq&}~TFİ]?ȼew.i7;#5n *c/icxh6Z=dOC#FaWWJ67[8j\HөplM60S$"+1T0M:4N*izOrOf5Jm9V<)z#;3{k+:g ϙo23Μ>-fʆ(@RiF){ǯ{^꺿/qQ!Qw1;bwV?k 6b9-fOUJm1SI!AQ!~Iu// \ʅRekPq=vZ$i4JӭIrCǺLN>R|n=uCfú S)S>W_CB)og+i6ͻƄA@D5Pc>^mۆitZzq6O&hcil>[_;Z,6;ņ3I' Zy#Jg6e/ʕ/>^}xl^B,QqCF4$ 1Ў>Tb&wyQZCm^#z_fcwm/=F1L~qugRWu>d/Q.۸/>4FMJuBHP<<4JdXQCy˭G?SGCvή=ys:wc7ˏݕ9 |XRGkUcE\י}ti[X%u8;I$RViXmEV5T%UG/+##}3Ul6vSt77 -S S<"ft2<9B^Y]mm&$ tV`h~ :_FEbBEGϴ??@윦O;lC}~]}ڤml^஭aa⦡"Q< A=dQMC BI?PиA$_Mriv\25#WΗ~!|1a_1]߹-~K|O(3cv_Ym-ϸ~'H_-4N(iᮭuo9xy6׀=7sW:$lh` (5ƛvP]-`wNŧOT7Mfs|`bhw]Vٽ?\oj,Zz˔4u䧨+nSϚaV6TI TYk?P)1j_ݰ_G ]\Id*&Cy0fu:ѱGZ|}֝펼ڽmp#w>|jQmㄢa=f{Եu,AS֊;~`K[n$i!Dh',u"IJ5I$R:8ⶎ8J&`0k֥Ƴ@w+OmocNN+0B+k`3q52Q}5NRrRIqo/+~oQIMZTEu2cY@We†#j*|Bh p ۵>Crv܉Ӹ "Zu>ܛ4S; y@$14[76162l xFbHc,kIN‚}H1g=?C);4?/[~/_o[Ba~۽Ց>zA>/-I3KѽT%tS.p|gޛe;I F ZOv{yrY--۠"-lf!q2I,\dհ@x@1hzG;+׺_ESv۟6VM&-ɦ]~+>d:hk~NnLmVӍ 6֣$UTtrF@TpX zyK[ ?v[$3^:ȡ`||E9$R[ޞ&'dSWKC#I-|PS,mfυ7bG%x#R\)WMRg2=)m>hf$QIN2OZ\#wb-Y }ēu7jiZRZ W:uSנs~5tGz޽;knt݉22ԻTdamY]2q[mwg\&)iIc!T1N'&tt ':}ftoJuߝם=ջrd;|ξ[_xv6J:s`9]nFe!=DYpu;gyo;w3[-!I]P DcQ@y'ibDY_!@-*>cmíul]3/ymm.3pmϋ㑨xa++isb 7[m[WJF2$i4mAt/!e]tS_>ZM{_ui9(qTUSQ&Z#5g*}yu=vv *BDPI!E$dݽ~,qִP}q闶1Wzn^vޟsչ,Fɉ\>#-lU0rwj=d/ @R$j%;*A5đ2&8?!Ǧm_.N]N[omwGqeN*2x DxiaHo <~yzR(DTRp\qcml]G$&>/O4$Eu7}?ocp4ZI7-*qID24bǴ-4nngꤗ ˾"PPUBr#]}pEL'ʼiӣ39Ҿ9nx 1p(V7ܘlutI4k,-%%el3RTRߺDgu'H۝s ~ݛpySm޾ؘcKv>.GNzY~#Vc繾#}{R8V(H1ģ-MFfcU@=A1,K1& O/?gS?:}8wO=g/Tgb߳uuj6/mdC%NҞ<0xҵ%};x;#&urS6[Z=iZQ7>&w-OC749Haj$jY+w6<5:ɛ9 VY \QYT ଆ}u;.qE힝Qc *GdAAGP.̗Ke$|9MW YXA cEl5>2YhrʨKX{=Sn%]ܤsHH646Dn*pW)7rs{emw"@% 0$3[ n$%Z5>ҡE* ;=?ڹ8O LݓY&$$,pŜ=|_Ic|u=տݺ׵}~6qn|>خcET 3QT#M`!]ϙ-j+n.uy)Q)ӑIPs@zEލ Rq W>'y|G0ߋu({z\;%#6 iGyt^y$H>:u{'(HRnbAFZ9<4BTt{a5ySHj}NN?^N;ht#[n[wn-_NyZͳ궕V>HǶOwKE-B4f\lmK7c7]skŽ;# ̐K cJ#IAU.?ۙ}'fG`m?)3mxףU_kht)M!5kn7֐֖VW+<| KSڮ@=m2KETG]U:{~!w7O/s%]4{mo\8hfbaWZ( u*aӲ߽F)W?(^֙OjVDQj z1?/[g6_Dr>;rlnNYipNjQ~~f`ph5ݟ6.uG>߽i/cWgaZ,X<g!FJS]Avz7=lYc) ng(+Pȃ ~oHf҅ꯖ?:Χ/񫳍?mm~;);{o;p+3~5nJ.}Y-\rKK쪩PSIs۫jf/7&8@IvR'R^s5ԚE4k%A?1+㥟u7.=gh~Ҋmw=uJ͝9*|j5HdJEyX[WHp:*XwoN\omđ[[C6\^V蟍 {ڝ*hλvmUnkt09R(Y[o|üX6wwmhd 02U\UD8$Jb6ְI<wH9ΚW,f>=+xup;5;O%N2L٤T,0w{m(Z0B$r cptjsۋ SQ  Rȏ> nݟ&-[xb [FZ?ڻd6[stQtYh H\_AJ֕ ]Ekqү^}?o]OιMw\mT;{1?J'nm_oe5BO,aӴۦkq-1)vb҂̊PIf )Ev ]%CS 9;t7wG~S˵{ygaIeVuڧ{+g3{/`@TTTmoO[ewlƷ,%rRFeQGRI C"Cp ؎" z5=Ý]sۧ{twO ϔ_{tQ㨾/*Iy$o1"-@'MxD]9{csߺ^e7G]uu)k qB6ZC"K8l=&} is}|rh+~ZvX*XEtLWY3{rc66nveh[gm-7e`f s.; v0Q{tnI&lEٝϸ諱f6ÓllP'9]_TÔUk<4xRi^4._+B;cͺr|vWd)GhvүM5E& -rs n&GbZ(6{iכǭ2"F.zM BTUg.vMy4dM(}GLB0=SN'Ư;w'cϵ׍Ő^U-_a`))Ҋ|t-Br}YyKo \fNh AjV6#,]⚵Z׀)c,W|YN{7:7i|v#:ӱzDZvo\0O/A"D͍ <"exN[w/)MI+u*dPY An6 jtjEvo7yy᣼nkߥ1zAai ֽ06nǎ?[_/<>cjUrۗ>Pe+cl,ٲcz6pf#&ճȌ022{[ 7)ytuuIR 9 ΍Q4(X7oY!P PKH? ykbbC S?9x?/-zz<>-w4h<-4W^~㤟o?s~[M5Wϡ? ]7]1Eb1񷮺N7w6Ckwv]]䩰W|L%`?`ڶP˹n d:+Ȃ 0 kBFz~fku*TPp+˰?ȍmͅOwV#-޴=eͩ6??Gwfd0dC)vO3XNw$eFb^9ψJe zr]糑Wtb @+$u[_> 6mfv]њOBqeݽ6rj 68>?'WQ,XMO!|cYKIomo 0:[iHRkZE*˨*褷Űxf V xĊewz8{kX;}j{ahV@\He{YWG1ҳTK^mIc'|wg50Ooe $67kɖ6Z^Zne%vѲIYRjS^#KppF Y ("$>6'Ƕ^p9]ݟ%zk9foU:?[%ʊ 5%^Z9sWwerw$M1JʖP %I#< Q$M&R췛O ͤXMX^ER5'̨I&_av:?[/*>Lld]&iv6wunjS+6UaZI4!s%ֻ-f|!g%&2j4Ҡrnkh*phT^@T nf(Qz)$dd1$[$\$a$CJKHOJQJ^J"W@" p5\N@"N u w'$ 9r &dG$Pa$CJaJ:O1: Char Char3 CJKHaJ< @B< u$ 9r G$a$CJaJ:OQ: Char Char2 CJKHaJ:a:  Char Char4 5CJaJ0V@q0 ]vc >*ph,@, cke)ۏ ^:C@: ckee,g)ۏ ` B*phDOD Char Char1B*CJKHaJph>R@> ckee,g)ۏ 2 ` B*phBOB Char CharB*CJKHaJph8O8 Char Char1 CJKHaJ6O6 Char Char CJKHaJ*Z@* ~e,gaJtH (B@( =cckee,g x>O> =c Plain Text1! KHaJtH 2P@"2 5yckee,g 2 "dx)@1 1ux0I0I!&'+OPX"\Xcgy ! " & / I  0 Q g { % x    j ](m|D&'v|2(8J[o|Gmz`+w x !-!!!!!!""#L########## $$%&(*+,,,, - -/->-J-\-s-t-x-.U.n...&//|0}000000 1*1A1l11111h223#3>3U3u33333V4556}67a77777779;<=>"@#@'@9@O@a@u@@@@@@@@AA(A>A?ACA\AAAAAYBBBBACUCVC[CsCCCCC;DRDDDD@EEEFF0F`FyFFFFFGHhHHvIJ@JJJJJJJKKGLNLPQUSVSZSjSySSSSSSSTT,T-T1TTTV,VTVVVVW(W^WWW XkXXXY-YjYYY7ZpZZZZ7[[[)\_\\\\\P]]]!^"^B^k^l^^_`bcegfhflffffffff g,g-g1ggg6hhiii/i\iziiijAjjjjk1kskkkFlylllImjmmmnDnEnLnnoDo2pFpHpnppp9sXtuwxxxxxx yy2yOygy|yyyyyyz{{{"{;{V{h{y{{{/|l|||||}}O}Y}c}q}}}}}}}}}}~|~~~9<Nxy>({|׈ 1K_`d-IJN}#jӋ*xÌR?a܎(Pijq7,QRےVN2 '<Tlśܛm1kѝE\rIlŸӟ~̠23:f.ab+OPTe|í֭cdhӯ Be°#N`б2[ֳAWX_˴BCDy޻½ ʿ&Poo~7>u1BySlJKR?-xyh2M2t3ANcyn78=e4`S*_W9EFMf#y()*+6;<@YZ/ ) *=KYt ;R  P*x $>|)AQ^s)hNqvwx1F<e     0 A Q c w          E         v  A,-4j=>BR`m}EeF     * 8 9 < G O V \ ] ` m x                   !!!!!,!>?@4@@A@00000000=@0>@0000000000@00000000000@0 00!@0#$00 @00!0"00#0$As0%0&@00'0(@00)0*@$0"%0+0,@0*0-0.4@0890/00e@0li0102p@0op0304u@0wx@0@0@000A000@100@0 000002,4900@000@000@000@000@000@000@000@000@000@0@00C3D[0C30C3@00L@0@0 00 KKV &.d2T:J>lpX&ܭn}F*p9(FF.(.:̺2r #&()0acsvwtl!N. 3>:).?.c..../T/u////f0021x*jbjV0nȽr!"$%'*+,-./123456789:`bdefghijklmnopqrtuxp U7UTU[UUUUUVGhhhyz,z3zaz{zzzzDE EEEEFFFF\G^G`GGGGBHDHFH}HH0IXXXXXXXCXXCXCX!@  @ 0(  B S  ?H0(  0Ix hl !hTm "hl #hm $hm %hp &hTn 'hq (hq )hq *hr +hr ,hE -hJ .hLJ /h K 0h|O 1hLK 2hK 3hK 4hhF ?hTu @ht AhL€ Bhs ChTr Dh:Eh, Fhl Gh HhL Ih Jh̆ Kh LhL Mh Nḣ Oh PhL Qh Rḧ Sh ThL Uh Vh̉ Wh XhL Yh Zh̊ [h \hL ]h ^h̋ _h `hL ah bȟ ch dhL eh fh̍ ghl hh ih4 jht kh lh mh4 nht oh ph qh4 rht sh th uh4 vht wh xh< yh| zh {h |h< }hܔ ~h h h䕑 h$ hd h h䖑 h$ hd h h䗑 h$ hd h h䘑 h$ hd h h䙑 h$ hd h h䚑 h$ hd h GG:JJm&& I I \\GGc %tLtLLHQHQ_Z_Z l llQqQqrr9s9sasasttttttuuLvLvvv{{{{<~c~\\dٸٸ!/5DD?>^<cc[ [     ))))),////L0L0 1 11I      !"#$%'&()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIHJLKMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwNN AVVt-- P P bbNNj %~LLLLQLQcZcZl"l"l^q^qrr>s>sfsfsttytytuuQvQvww { {{{B~i~cnn+69JJEDjCjjb b     ))))).///0N0N0 1 11I  !"#$%'&()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIHJLKMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw;c*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagschsdate<t*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagschmetcnv9G*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsStateBw*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region8l*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity=P*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName=Q*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType9x*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace (ծ  011922007284450065008aDayFalseHasSpacein IsLunarDate IsROCDateMonthNegative NumberType SourceValueTCSCTrueUnitNameYears|xwxwt t  xwxwwxlxwxlxwxwc  xwxwxlxwxwc   t  xxxt   xQPxlxlQxPxGxlxlxlxlxlxlxlxlxlxlt   t  xQPxPQxwxwxwQPt xwxxxt  xt xwxwxwxwxxxwPQlxwwxGwxwxw "%'*4>?FGNqw , . : > ? G  ) G J M P ` f l p q y     # 6 C h i m w l x       ".45Wd zou 47UZ[glnw{|9FY]_kwy46JK^_{!"""N"\"]"f"g"k"o"u"v"z"{""""g#w#x################W(Z(,,,,- ---,-.-:-=-G-I-X-[-o-r--.. . . ...|.}........./%/////}00u1x1113334444 4#4,404O4Q4U4]4c444444555V5X5d5g5m5r5z5|5~5555555555555555566666"6(6/666p6u6x6|6667!7R7[7\7`7h7n7777777b9j9==F>M>f>o>>>8?B???????#@%@4@8@H@N@]@`@c@m@q@t@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AAAAA"A'A*A5A9A=A?ABAMA[AAAAAAAAAMBNBOBTBVBXBBBBBBB0C1C3C>CMCTCVCYCDDoDxDDDE EEEEElFxFFFFFJGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG H HHpHHHHHHIII&I)I*I;ImIpIuI~IIII JJJJGJJJJJJJJJJJJJtSxSSSSSSSSSSSSSSTTT(T+T>TMTQTYT^ThTwTTTTTTTTTTUUV VV+VKVLV[V\VhVVVVVVVV\\\ \\\\\\\ ]O]Q]R]o]y]{]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ^?^@^C^E^I^V^dd~ffffffffffffffff g ggg(g*g-g/g8gJgVgYgZg[ggglgxg~gggggggggggggggh h?hGhhhhhhhhhiillEnKn[nonpnnnnnnnnnnnnoooo o!o"o#o$o8o9oBoLo^okoooporoyoooooooooop pppp)p-p1p:pEpkplpopqpuppsstt@uGuxxxxxxxxxxy yyy.y1yFyNy`yfyyy{yyyyyyyyy}zzzzzzz {}}~~ ~<~A~O~U~X~_~c~h~l~n~{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /28KLUd=GW^Ăr{irrɈΈӈֈ"*.03@CJX^$,9Hjpyʏˏ6?MPjӐԐՐ֐אِ)*3B %&/ N\ך&8;NSck~›ěǛқ؛ۛ/`kx39B{|}~ɡԡ!AN^_enz΢Тע*+5Dbds{­ҭխ*/5D ?bX^gʴӴٴ#l#:@vw{}ɸ[`ͻ׻T^8B %/6KOq %=H[n18<?EHSV[\}KQZ ./0178>G^`coq{*+4C&,=K*28 (2;@IM\bcnrx "(-0;IN[`mq| &*,-/0124568;RXFLUex{|"bc79<? ')8<HJVXns1:MQ#$ %MRSTxy!>_`brkno)7E_`amnp~u#(AJ_g!$09:<Bklnt !6@AENOQfhi !'(*-;DEGM +.HJMN`cx       - / ; > ? @ M P _ b q v y            ] f     I M N c h q               <=@I"#%026ST   )+,Kuv !"$*+-0il<ERUVX[`bkoqrt}  "%pw%05>SW"""""""""""""######%#(#)#L#P#Q#y######$$ $D$V$$$$$$$$$%%%%w%{%|%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%& &&&& &'&*&D&c&u&v&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'''#'C'U'n'o'z''''''''''''(($(%(((<(^(`(a(j(((((((((((((((((((()) )))!):)S)Z)h)k)l)|)}))))))))))8*@***++++++,,S,X,,,-$-----G.N...q/{///*3.31363K3N3\3^3a3h3l3p3333333333333"404[4\4444555\5c5}5555555566<6D6N666666666666666R7Z7b7e7f7j777777777'8+8,828X8c8m8s88899<<<<<<<<= =====$=%='=1======>>>>>>>>>$>+>->1>9>@>A>Q>R>S>U>X>|>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ? ??7?8?F?T?f?h?i?j?{?}?????????????????@ @@@(@+@,@<@=@?@I@J@K@x@y@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AA AA-A1A2A6A7A;APASATA[A\AdAeAfAiAqAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBB$B,BSBWB`BdBmBpBqB|BBBBBBBBBBBCC?C@CCCKCNCOCXC\CnCpCCCCCCCCCCCCCD DDD#D&D'D+D5D6D9DSD|DDDDDDDD$EmEqEEEEEEEEEEEEEF FFFkFmFFFFFFGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHIII*I+I+I.I1Igoy  Z] 678=JQ!!""P#S#,,--"-(-1-6-@-C-L-R-^-i-..0000000022)3-3[3b3334444E5H566)@0@;@D@Q@W@c@m@w@~@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@A AAA*A5AOBPBlCrCCCCCCC>TEWEEEHHHHHHHHHHHH*I+I1I33333333333ss3333333s33333s333333333sssss33333s33333333333333333sssss3333s33333333333333333333333333333sss33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333s3333333333333ss33333ss33333333333333333333333333333333333333s3s33333333333333333ss3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 !%'*+Vcfgxy! " & ) g x   x%}'(Iz`!!##((+Y+l.p.44l99?DVDJJJJVSYSZSlS{SSS,T-T1TTTVTVVWP]i]hfkff1gi/iHpmpxxyyyy{y{NyoK_`d-N,R ܛ.bPS֭dh7y&+<@ T )sKx~Q        E g       -3u>AEW"3$Y$R%w%#'2'w))))333317Z7999<Q>t>HHHHHHHHHHHHH*I+I1IHHHHHHHHHHHH*I+I1IV d N4Bk0Ge $Z @r !x| $4&g55KJm-7a/>6kHl2OhYf$(,^.ʤM^|d\lgX !gX ,^hX vwPhX M^hX V hX g554iX Jm-7iX @iX hYjX BkdjX @ogjX kHjX |dtd e $$4S`1U0S`1U0=S`1U0=S`1U0=S`1U0= 9Tnm1wT:0o~ G '+1@\ Y&5yR!r"kB$F)b*9q.001!1593&;|z=a>S?xC,FIKWMoM@SbU2tUtV8X(s\6_Tc=cFik[CnKMr4t#wHw6@y6|}H}b}~5GX|$(JCry 6FM \XB4PU 7~uAK< GeO_t^[d9S%G(W$7qHjh Vw~ TxOQ69^=Pc+!U.n.*+<R she E   4     * 8 9 < G O V \ ] ` m x                   !!!!!,!?DEFIKVSVUVVVW\]^hfhhhihmhohphqxz{} PPPPPPPPPPPPP  !$0I``@````8@` `L@`.`2`l@`8`@`B`@`F`@`J`@`N`V`X`Z`b`d`f`@`j`@`n`p`r`|`~```@````4@```H@```d@````|@```@``@```@``@```@```@` ``$@````8@`&`*`\@`2`8`x@`F`@``@```@````@` ```@@`(`\@`0`vUnknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial7&  Verdana3??[SO3wiSO[SO;ўSOSimHeiM%Times New Roman;[SOSimSun=E [SO-eck'YW[&{Ɩ 1 hfăf 1T 1T!-!),.:;?]}    & 6"0000 0 0 00000 =@\]^([{  0 0 00000;[dGG2QHX ?DKMr2t]2008_o(u7bliluHHI1Ijjj i Z'`IZ'T             Oh+'0t  0 < HT\dl 2008 ΢ûNormallilu3Microsoft Office Word@Ik@ˌ X@ X 1՜.+,D՜.+, X`t|  ΢йTG' ` 8@ _PID_HLINKSABWA')http://www.chinaacc.com/demo/english.htmq(*!Chttp://www.chinaacc.com/wangxiao/gonggao/english/2008englishfa.htmq[X.http://www.chinaacc.com/login/pay_reg_new.aspq[X.http://www.chinaacc.com/login/pay_reg_new.aspqAVhttp://www.whoi.edu/q)http://www.sea.edu/qx: http://www.mbl.edu/qS &http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MichiganqAVhttp://www.whoi.edu/q)http://www.sea.edu/qx:http://www.mbl.edu/q  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefgijklmnovRoot Entry FXxData z k1Table_WordDocument2SummaryInformation(`DocumentSummaryInformation8hCompObjm  FMicrosoft Office Word ĵ MSWordDocWord.Document.89q